摘要
军队战斗力受文明传统和社会诸多因素的影响。与游牧和海洋文明不同,以内陆农耕为主要经济形式的华夏文明历来缺乏扩张和尚武的内在冲动。民国时代中国政府军队战斗力低下的原因,既有农耕专制政治形成的崇文抑武传统的影响,也与其他各种政治经济因素相关。而兵源因素则更直接影响了军队战斗力。中国政府军队的下层官兵基本上由在灾荒中无以为食的城乡饥民和无业游民组成,军队成为了事实的灾荒救济所和就业中转站,军人毫无职业尊严和责任伦理。到对日抗战和国共大规模内战时期,由于战争伤亡巨大,兵源极度匮乏,当局于是普遍强征壮丁充军,加之缺乏基本的政治军事教育和训练,使军人既无战斗意志,又无战斗能力,因此在战斗中往往出现众不敌寡的结果。
The military combat effectiveness is influenced by civilization traditions and other social factors. Unlike nomadic and oceanic civilizations, Chinese civilization, characterized mainly by inland fanning as its main economic development mode, lacks the internal drive of military expansion and marshal spirit. That the Nationalist troops of the Republic of China suffer from low combat effectiveness can partly be attributed to the farming autocracy which lays strong emphasis on liberal cultivations but re- straint to marshal spirits, besides many other political and economic factors. Among them, the manpower factor is more directly responsible for the low combat effectiveness. Low - rank officers and soldiers basically consist of jobless and poverty - stricken residents from urban and rural areas, who join the army, purely for sake of famine relief and employment transfer, to say nothing of occupation dignity and responsibility ethics. During the periods of Anti - Japan War and the following Civil War between Na- tionalists and Communists, manpower resource is extremely scarce due to heavy casualty. The authorities thus forced recruitments of adults in large scales, who are short of basic political and military training, such that the troupes have no fighting wills and technical capacities, often resulting in failures despite of outmanned advantages in battles.
出处
《南京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2013年第5期66-71,共6页
Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology：Social Sciences
关键词
下层军人
军队战斗力
关系
norms
cognition
symbol system
shared knowledge
