摘要
农药的合理使用是可持续农业的首要问题。有效控制农药残留在21世纪农业生产及国民经济中占有重要的地位。中药材是中药产业的源头,是中成药工业生产的原料,也是中医治病用药的基础。20世纪80年代以来,中药种植品种增加,种植面积扩大,农药施用频繁。由于中药材生产处于无序状态,农药滥用是中药材农药残留超标的主要原因,也是影响中药材的质量与安全性的重要因素。近来,中药产品存在严重的农药残留超标问题已引起社会各方面的关注。本文在对中药材生产农药使用现状进行初步调查的基础上,从生产、管理、检测、监控等方面,提出理顺关系、整合资源,明确中药材生产管理的责任主体部门;采取强制手段,全面推行GAP,理顺中药农业的种植模式,建立健全中药材生产全过程的规范化操作规程,从严认证,严格监控,全程管理;发展有机中药材的生产,建立中药材农药残留管理体系,合理规范的使用农药;制订中药材农药限量标准,在新版中国药典中增加中药材的农药检测指标和规范的技术要求;研究开发农药检测的新技术和新方法,构建农药残留的检测标准和分析技术平台,组织第三方认证,保证中药材的质量;推广生物防治及生物农药,用生物方法控制病虫害;利用生物技术手段培育品质优良,抗病虫害的品种,从根本上杜绝农药的污染;加强媒体的正面宣传,引导公众正确认识农药等应对策略。
The rational use of pesticides is first question of sustainable agriculture. In the 21st century, to effectively control pesticide residues in agricultural production and national economy occupies an important position. The herb is the source of traditional Chinese medicine （ TCM ） industry and the raw materials of industrial production of TCM products,it also is the basis for the treat diseases of Chinese medicines. Since the 1980 s, due to TCM herbs planting varieties increase ,planting area expanding and pesticides application frequently, the production of TCM herbs is in a state of disorder and the abuse of pesticides becomes a main causes of excessive pesticide residues of TCM materials,it also is one of the important factors that affect the quality and security of TCM materials. Recently, the problem of serious excessive pesticide residues on TCM products has aroused the concern of the society in all aspects. Based on preliminary investigation of the current situation of pesticide used on TCM herbs production, this article put forwards the coping strategies for pesticides application, including the aspects of the production, management, detection technique and monitoring, etc.
出处
《中国现代中药》
CAS
2013年第8期633-637,共5页
Modern Chinese Medicine
关键词
农药
残留
中药
现状
对策
Pesticides
Residue
Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） herbs
Current situation
Countermeasures
