摘要
为了阐明玩具中苯系物的暴露水平及对儿童产生的潜在健康风险,从市场上采集了65件玩具样本,采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-GC-MS)法对样本中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯4种苯系物的质量比进行测定,其中34件样本有检出。对检出的样本数据,采用SPSS软件描述其分布特征。同时,根据玩具中苯系物对人体的伤害特点,建立了经呼吸和经口腔途径下的暴露量计算模型和风险表征模型,研究玩具中苯系物的暴露水平,并对其潜在健康风险进行评价。结果表明:1)玩具中苯和二甲苯的残留量具有较为显著的相关性;2)玩具中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯的残留量中位值分别为3.35 mg/kg、4.5 mg/kg、6.5mg/kg和4.25mg/kg;3)经口腔暴露是苯系物对人体产生健康危害的主要途径;4)玩具中的苯系物存在不可忽视的非致癌风险(>1)和致癌风险(>10-5),且部分玩具产品中的苯系物已经具有显著的非致癌风险(>10)和致癌风险(>10-4)。
The present paper deals with the benzene component contamination and its exposure assessment to the toys for children.For our investigation purpose,we have collected sixty-five real toy samples from the markets in Beijing.Then we have analyzed the concentrations of the four varieties of benzene contents,including benzene,toluene,ethyl-benzene and xylene in these toys by using a headspace gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry（HS-GS-MS） method developed by our group.Of all the toys under our study,we have found benzene components in thirty-four sample toys respectively.After our analysis of the distribution of the components in the sample toys with the SPSS software,we have further analyzed the different ways of the exposure of the benzene components to their users through their mouth and nose based on the characteristic features of benzene components and then worked out the exposure rate to the children of different age groups.In the end,we have evaluated the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic toxic hazards of the benzene compounds to the children.The results of our investigation can be summed in the following four aspects：（1） The medium concentration of benzene,toluene,ethyl-benzene and xylene contamination stands at about 3.35 mg/kg,4.5 mg/kg,6.5 mg/kg and 4.25 mg/kg,respectively;（2） There is remarkable correlation between the contamination concentrations of benzene and xylene in toys;（3） Exposure through mouth proves much higher and more serious than that through nasal inhalation.It proves the primary way for benzene components in toys to hurt children＇s health.（4） Both the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic toxic risks of children exposed to benzene components are beyond the safety range（1 for non-carcinogenic risk and 10-5 for carcinogenic）,which should no longer be ignored.Among the four benzene components,benzene tends to produce the most serious non-carcinogenic risks to children than to other people.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期254-259,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家质量监督检验检疫总局科技计划项目(2011IK113)
关键词
安全工程
玩具
苯系物
暴露评估
健康风险评价
safety engineering
toys
benzene compounds
exposure assessment
health risk assessment
