摘要
ACT-R(adaptive control of thought-rational)是一种认知体系结构的理论和计算模型.本研究使用模拟汽车驾驶比较了新驾驶员与熟练驾驶员横向控制绩效的差别,并运用基于ACT-R的驾驶员绩效模型对2类驾驶员的横向控制行为建立计算仿真模型,分析其心理机制,得到以下主要结论:(1)新驾驶员的横向控制技能不足,表现为横向偏差显著地大于熟练驾驶员,同时这一不足在弯路时比直路时更明显,新驾驶员弯路行驶时显著地偏向弯道外侧,而熟练驾驶员不发生外侧偏移;(2)使用认知体系结构建模的方法,以较近和较远的视觉注意点远点距离,可以模拟仿真出2组驾驶员弯路行驶外侧偏移的差异.本研究的方法和结果可以为改进驾驶培训和开发智能驾驶辅助系统提供认知心理学上的理论支持,也能为以ACT-R为代表的计算认知模型应用提供样例和经验.
ACT-R （adaptive control of thought-rational） is a computational cognitive architecture that consists of multiple modules for perception and attention （e.g., a visual module）, response making （e.g., a motor module）, and mental information processing （e.g., a goal module, declarative memory module, and procedural memory module）. The output of an ACT-R model is a time course that shows the coordination of the activation of these modules in solving a cognitive task. The research reported in this paper used a driver performance model developed in ACT-R to examine the effect of driving experience on drivers＇ performance of vehicle lateral position control. First, we compared the lane keeping performance between novice and experienced drivers in a simulated driving experiment with different road, speed, and driving conditions. Behavioral data collected from both groups of drivers were then modeled in the ACT-R driving model to analyze the cognitive mechanisms of the behaviors. The modeling results were similar to the human results. There were two main findings. （1） Novice drivers had poor lateral control skills evidenced by significantly greater lateral deviation compared with experienced drivers. The lack of control was more evident on curved roads than on straight roads. On curved roads, the novice drivers＇ driving paths significantly shifted to the outside of the curve, whereas there was no such shift for experienced drivers. （2） The cognitive-architecture-based modeling in ACT-R revealed the mental processes including parallel processing between modules and serial processing between sub-tasks. One of the factors responsible for the difference in curved-road driving paths between the two groups of drivers may be the location of visual attention focus. Our model showed that the behavioral difference in curved-road driving paths can be modeled by assigning a visual attention focus point to the novice-driver model that is closer than that assigned to the experienced-driver model. The method a
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第21期2078-2086,共9页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(31170974
31170975)
人因工程重点实验室开放基金(HF2011-K-03)
国家基础科学人才培养基金(J0730753)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助
关键词
认知建模
汽车驾驶
驾驶经验
驾驶安全
cognitive modeling
driving performance
driving experience
driving safety
