摘要
."经济人"假设是经济学对人性的提炼。经济学对人性的理解简洁而深刻,同时也是片面狭隘的,这决定了经济学在具有强大现实解释力的同时却又有很多不尽如人意的地方。因此,"经济人"假设不断地遭受着人们的批判和修正。然而综观已有的批判,我们发现它们大多是盲人摸象般地从某个角度进行的批判,缺乏一个统一的框架,缺乏内生性。造成这种局面的根本原因是经济学对复杂的人性缺乏全面的认识。人性是丰富的、多层次的。要想真正完善"经济人"假设并解决由其引发的经济学困境,必须提出一个统摄人性全貌及其动态性的假说。人性谱系假说的提出便是一个初步尝试,这个假说认为人性是从物性到神性的连续"谱系",是经由"自然境界"、"功利境界"、"道德境界"和"天地境界"的"两方面通"。这样一来,人性谱系假说便将传统经济学点状、离散、静态的人性假设拓展为线性、连续、动态的人性假设,较为全面地囊括了人性的丰富性。人性谱系假说能够统一现有关于"经济人"假设的各种批判,并且能够为当今众多社会现实问题提供一个新的分析视角。
Economic man is the hypothesis of humanity abstracted in economics which is simple and precise but narrow, which results that economics can explain most real economic phenomena deeply while make mistakes somewhere. Therefore, it evokes continuous criticisms and amendments form different economists. However, we find that these criticisms and amendments cannot be fully satisfied, because they are not amended endogenously in an integrated framework but partially done exogenously. The reasons underlying come from the fact that economic man only catches few sides of humanity. Humanity needs to be abstracted on a broader horizon in economics if such situations are hoped to be changed and improved. Humanity spectrum hypothesis in this paper is such a try in such a broader one. In my opinion, humanity is supposed to be a continuous spectrum from animal nature to godhood or divinity, namely from natural state to utilitarian state, moral state, heaven-and-earth state. Humanity spectrum expands the traditional humanity hypotheses from a scattered static spot to a continuous dynamic line. It governs the richness of humanity. All the criticisms and amendments on the hypothesis of mconomic man can be integrated and a new frame is provided to analyze many current social problems in such a reference system.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第8期20-27,共8页
Academic Monthly
关键词
人性谱系
“经济人”假设
解读
humanity spectrum
hypotheses of economic man
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