摘要
目的:儿童跌倒风险和意外伤害发生率与步行停止能力及书包重量直接相关,分析儿童背书包行走步行停止的下肢肌肉活动有助于了解儿童背书包步行停止时的动态姿势稳定及保持身体平衡的机制。方法:采用Noraxon表面肌电测试系统,以肌肉募集起始时间、肌肉兴奋时程、积分肌电、最大振幅为特征参数,以空书包即0%体重(0%BW)和15%BW书包为负重方式,以急停和有计划步行停止为终止方式,采集双侧下肢胫骨前肌、腓肠肌、股直肌和股二头肌的表面肌电信号,对儿童背书包行走步行停止时的下肢肌肉活动进行分析。结果:负重15%BW急停时的积分肌电、最大振幅和兴奋时程显著增大(P<0.05);急停和有计划步行停止时制动腿肌肉动员顺序不同:急停时依次动员股二头肌、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌或股直肌;有计划步态停止时依次动员胫骨前肌、股二头肌、腓肠肌或股直肌。尾随腿动员顺序相似,依次为腓肠肌或股直肌、胫骨前肌、股二头肌。结论:书包重量和急停可以改变儿童行走步行停止时下肢肌肉的活动水平,其原因可能与书包重量和急停引起的步行停止时维持身体姿势稳定的生物力学控制模式发生改变有关。
Objectives：The falling risk and accident incidence of children is directly related to gait termination ability and backpack load.Analysis of the lower limb muscle activity during gait termination in children with backpack load helps to understand the dynamic posture stability and balance mechanism when children with backpack load during gait termination.Methods：The Noraxon surface electromyography system was used,the characteristic parameters were muscle raised starting time,duration,iEMG and maximum amplitude,the load way were empty bag（0% BW） and 15% BW bag,the way of gait termination were planned stop and unplanned stop,to analysis the lower limb muscle activity during gait termination in children with backpack load.Results：The iEMG,maximum amplitude and duration were significantly increased when carrying 15%BW load during unplanned gait termination（P＆lt;0.05）.The MRO of the leading limb between unplanned and planned gait termination were different：during unplanned gait termination the BF was recruited first,then the TA,the Gas or RF was recruited at last.In contrast during planned gait termination the TA was recruited first,BF secondly and the Gas or RF last.The MRO of the trailing limb between unplanned and planned gait termination showed a similar pattern：the Gas of RF first,then the TA and the BF last.Conclusion：Backpack load and unplanned stop can change lower limb muscle activity of children on gait termination,the reason may be related by the change of biomechanical mode of maintain body posture stability which caused by backpack load and unplanned stop.
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第8期43-49,共7页
China Sport Science
关键词
儿童
负重
步行停止
肌肉活动
生物力学
children
load carriage
gait termination
muscle activity
biomechanics
