摘要
2006年5—9月,诱捕法采集粪金龟子,以农田为对照,选择内蒙古武川县不同农田退耕管理方式为研究样地,分析了农田退耕后采取不同管理方式对粪金龟子群落的影响,以为农田退耕还草管理措施生态效应的评价和完善提供依据。共捕获粪金龟子21671头,隶属于3科5属25种。优势种为直蜉金龟(Aphodius rectus)和蜉金龟属(Aphodius sp.7),占总捕获量的比例分别为59.34%和11.71%。几种退耕管理方式都导致粪金龟子群落物种丰富度、生物量和多度提高,且具有显著的季节特征。Pearson相关分析表明,粪金龟子群落的物种丰富度、生物量和种数以及不同功能群和主要种的个体数与退耕年限、平均草高和植物群落盖度的变化存在显著正相关关系(P<0.01或P<0.05)。由于长期农业耕作以及缺少大型食草动物和较大面积放牧草地,研究地区的粪金龟子群落组成以功能群Ⅱ和Ⅲ为主,功能群Ⅰ的多度和物种丰度较低。可以认为,在研究地区以农田景观为主要基质的区域,采取多样化的农田退耕管理方式,提高了生境的空间异质性,在减少人为耕作活动对粪金龟子影响的基础上,对粪金龟子物种丰度和多度的维持起到了促进作用。农田退耕、保留适当面积放牧草地或适当数量大型放牧家畜将有利于功能群Ⅰ物种丰度和多度的提高,有益于粪金龟子群落物种多样性和整体生态功能的维持。
Excessive farming has intensified wind erosion desertification; this has become a very important factor having serious impact on local economic development and ecological conditions in northern China. This also poses a serious threat to the ecological status of the inland areas of China. In the view of their low tolerance for environmental change, complex community composition, and sensitivity to artificial disturbance, dung beetles can be used to reflect or monitor environmental changes. For anthropogenic or natural environmental changes, plant and mammal community composition are factors that are easily changeable. The abundance and species composition of dung beetle communities in an area can quickly reflect changes to the environment. For the farming-pastoral ecotone, restoring cropland to grassland is an effective way to prevent wind erosion desertification and to recover grassland functions to check wind and prevent sand drifting. From May to September 2006, different methods of restoring grassland from cropland were used in sample plots, such as planting Medicago sativa, planting M. sativa＋Artemisia sp., planting Helianthus tuberosus, planting H. tuberosus＋Artemisia sp., abandoning cropland, and using existing cropland as a control; the effects of these grassland restoration treatments on dung beetle assemblages were analyzed. The results of such studies potentially could provide the basis for evaluating the ecological effects of such grassland restoration, assist in the perfecting of grassland restoration techniques, and provide information related to the conservation of dung beetle biodiversity in the study region. The pitfall trap method was used for collecting dung beetles. Plastic buckets （25 cm in diameter at the top and 1000 mL in volume） were used for traps and buried in the soil with the top of the trap at ground level. The traps contained 250 mL water, an adequate amount of liquid detergent and insecticide. A nylon bag with 250 g of fresh horse dung was suspended over the top of the trap
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第15期4724-4736,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40761016)
内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(20067010506
2010MS0519)
关键词
粪金龟子
群落特征
功能群
退耕还草
农牧交错带
dung beetles
community features
functional groups
restoring cropland to grassland
farming-pastoralecotone
