摘要
以小龙虾(Procambarus clarkii)壳为原料,分别采用HCl溶液和NaOH溶液处理脱除小龙虾壳中的矿物质和蛋白质,提取甲壳素,用NaOH溶液处理甲壳素脱乙酰基制备壳聚糖。通过单因素试验优化甲壳素提取过程中的HCl溶液浓度及浸泡时间、NaOH溶液浓度及处理时间,并采用正交设计考察NaOH溶液质量分数、处理温度和时间对壳聚糖脱乙酰度的影响。结果表明,优化的甲壳素提取工艺条件为,在室温下用1.0 mol/L的HCl溶液浸泡24 h后倾去酸液,水洗至中性,然后在90～100℃用2.0 mol/L的NaOH溶液处理4 h,甲壳素提取率为16.52%。壳聚糖制备的最佳工艺条件为NaOH溶液质量分数50%、温度90℃、保温时间3 h。干燥后的壳聚糖水分含量为3.21%,灰分为0.89%～1.00%,脱乙酰度为75.3%,黏度为18.7 mPa.s。
Taking crayfish （Procambarus clarkii） shell as raw material, the mineral substances and proteins were resolved by HC1 solution and NaOH solution respectively to extract chitin. Furthermore, chitosan was prepared from chitin by deacetyla- tion. Single factor tests were applied to optimize the extraction conditions of chitin, including concentration and treatment time of HC1 and NaOH. Moreover, orthogonal experiment was conducted to study the effects of NaOH concentration, treatment temperature and time on degree of deacetylation of chitosan. Results showed that the optimum chitin extraction conditions were treating crayfish shell in 1.0 mol/L HC1 at room temperature for 24 h to remove mineral substances, poured the acid solution and washed the shell powder with water until it was neutral, then soaking with 2.0 mol/L NaOH at 90-100 ℃ for 4 h. The yield of chitin was 16.52%. Soaking chitin in mass fraction 50% NaOH at 90 ℃ for 3 h was the best technique for chitosan production. The resultant chitosan was with 3.12% of moisture content, 0.89%-1.00% of ash content, the degree of deacety- lation at 75.3%, and the viscosity at 18.7 mPa.s.
出处
《湖北农业科学》
北大核心
2013年第13期3120-3123,共4页
Hubei Agricultural Sciences
