摘要
氮素是重要的营养元素之一,是植物生长发育中的主要影响因子。为了提高氮素的利用效率,植物体不仅需要一个有效的氮素吸收机制,还需要将所积累的氮素在体内高效转运并在储藏器官中充分利用。植物体利用转运蛋白从土壤中吸收硝态氮、铵态氮和氨基酸态氮等形式的氮素后,通过NO3-还原、NH4+同化中的酶类和一些氨基转移酶、尿素酶等的作用来完成体内的氮素代谢。介绍了近年来这些与氮素利用效率相关基因的分离与表达调控,以及利用基因工程手段对相关基因进行过表达分析的主要研究进展,为进一步阐明植物高效吸收利用氮素的分子机理以培育氮高效利用新品种提供重要的分子依据。
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient and a major limiting factor of plants. In order to improve nitrogen useefficiency, plants require not only efficient nitrogen uptake, but also mechanisms involved in transferring nitrogen to the sink organs. Plants take up nitrogen in the form of nitrate, ammonium ions, and amino acids by the transporters, which are then assimilated by enzymes involved in nitrate reduction and ammonia assimilation, some amino transfer- ases and urea amidohydrolase. In this article, we summarized the latest advance on the isolation of nitrogen metabo- lism-related genes and the potential value to the improvements of crop yield in order to utilize these genes in breed- ing practice.
出处
《作物杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期32-38,共7页
Crops
基金
转基因专项(2013ZX08009-003-003)
关键词
氮
吸收
氮素利用效率
基因
分子调控
Nitrogen
Uptake
Nitrogen use efficiency
Gene
Molecular regulation
