摘要
可持续发展要求社会经济适度发展的同时,环境质量不退化。为达到这一目标,在环境管理中就必须以生态承载力为标准判断经济发展的规模和速度是否具有正当性和合理性,这是化解经济发展与环境保护矛盾的关键所在。环境法应当把生态承载力控制作为一项基本原则,要求人们对环境问题的预防应当以生态承载力为依据,确保向环境排放污染物的总量不得超过环境容量,并保证开发、利用自然资源不能超过生态环境在一定时期内的供给能力。这是对执法者在处理经济发展与环境保护的矛盾中所享有的过大的自由裁量权的必要制约。然而,生态承载力控制原则的实施难度较大,除了需要立法的明文规定外,还应当注重研究、建立生态承载力的核算方法体系;此外,还应当对现行环境执法体制进行改革,促使地方环保部门在环境执法中摆脱地方保护主义的不当干涉,并积极加强公众参与,通过公众监督杜绝突破生态承载力的决策的制定和实施。
The concept of sustainable development demands that economic and social development should base on a good environmental condition. To achieve the goal above, it＇ s necessary to determine whether the scale and pace of the economic growth are fair-minded and rational by thinking about the definition of environmental carrying capacity. This is the key point to solve the problem of conflictions between economic growth and environmental protection. Environmental law system should absorb the environmental carrying capacity as a basic legal principle to conduct building and enforcement of environmental legal mechanisms, under which people should take environmental carrying capacity as a basic norm to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage and make sure the quantitative of pollutants discharged to as well as natural resources get from environment won＇ t breakthrough environmental carrying capacity. This is important because environmental carrying capacity principle is a very useful tool to restrict law-executor＇ s excessive discretion on dealing with conflictions between economic growth and environmental quality. However, it＇ s quite difficuh to put the principle into enforcement. In addition to being enacted by laws and regulations, ways to implement the principle also include building the accounting method system of environmental carrying capacity and perfecting the environmental legal enforcement system, which include promoting local environmental protection departments to get rid of undue interference of local protectionism and strengthening public participation in environmental issues to eliminate any irrational public decision making that has the potential to exceed environmental carrying capacity.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第8期146-153,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
中国法学会十大专项课题"促进经济又好又快和可持续发展的法律问题研究"(编号:Cls10-9)
关键词
可持续发展
生态承载力
环境法
法律原则
sustainable development
environmental carrying capacity
environmental law
legal principle
