摘要
为有效防治坡耕地水土流失,提高坡耕地水分利用率,选用多年生作物苜蓿及小麦、鹰嘴豆、马铃薯等一年生作物作为供试作物,设置不同带状系统研究了各种种植方式和耕作方式对作物生长、土壤水分、WUE及水土流失的影响。结果表明,(1)各处理保持水分的能力依次为:免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)>免耕(NT)>传统(T);(2)保护性耕作具有良好的防止土壤侵蚀能力,依次为:NTS>NT>T;(3)免耕+秸秆覆盖和免耕方式与传统耕作相比,均能提高半干旱地区土壤水分和作物对水分的利用效率,减少土壤侵蚀量。从不同处理保持水土效应来看,从优至劣的顺序为NTSPL>TPL>NTSCL>TCL>NTSWL>TWL。由此可见,免耕秸秆覆盖是提高水分利用效率及控制水土流失的有效措施,粮草豆隔带种植,结合保护性耕作措施不但具有蓄水保土,减免侵蚀的生态作用,而且还能提高土地利用的经济效益,宜结合生产推广利用。
In attempt to discover the ways to effectively prevent water and soil lose,improve water use efficiency（WUE） in sloping land,perennial crop alfalfa and some annual crops including wheat,potatoes were used in this paper to study the impact of various cropping patterns and tillage methods on crop growth,soil moisture,WUE and soil erosion.The results showed that（1） the order of the potential ability of different cropping patterns to conserve the soil water and prevent the soil loss was as follows： no-tillage ＋ straw mulch（NTS） no-tillage（NT） traditional（T）;（2） conservation tillage mitigated the soil erosion.The order of the potential ability of different cropping patterns to mitigate soil erosion was as follows： NTSNTT;（3） The no-tillage ＋ straw mulch and no-tillage planting methods increased soil moisture and water use efficiency in semi-arid areas and reduced soil erosion compared to the conventional farming.Different cropping patterns showed different potentials in enhancing soil and water conservation and preventing soil erosion.The descending order of their potentials was NTSPLTPLNTSCLTCLNTSWLTWL.In conclusion,NTS could improve water use efficiency and effectively control soil erosion.Forage beans septum planting combined with conservation tillage measures could not only enhance the water and soil conservation and ameliorate the ecological influence of soil erosion,but also increased economic efficacy of land usage.Application of NTS in crop planting should be recommended and promoted.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期7-12,30,共7页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2010GB2G100484)
