摘要
中国电力工业与发达国家电力工业的最大差别是电价,发展中国家和传统的社会主义国家都以大大低于成本的价格出售电力。发达的市场经济国家实行市场定价,电价较高,发展中国家是政府定价,定价较低。电价改革是电力体制改革的前提条件。与发达国家比较,我国生活电价严重偏低,我国工业电价低于OECD大多数国家,OECD大多数国家生活电价都高于工业电价,而我国生活电价还低于工业电价,所以我国生活电价严重偏低。为改变我国居民电价严重偏低的问题,我国自2008年开始研究实行阶梯电价。由于中国目前的电价严重偏低,中国电力工业因长期维持低电价而处于高负债和部分企业资不抵债的境地。国外电力投资商撤离中国,民营电力投资商撤离电力工业,五大电力集团煤电企业严重亏损,煤电新增装机容量不断减少。为此加快电价的市场化改革势在必行。
The biggest difference between China＇s power industry and those of developed countries lies in the price of electricity.Developing countries and traditional socialist countries all sell electricity at prices much below cost.Electricity prices in developed market-economy countries are determined by market forces and are usually high ,while electricity prices in developing countries are set by the government and are rela- tively low.Electricity pricing reform is the precondition for a reform in the electric power system.Compared with developed countries ,the prices of electricity for residential use are way too low and those for industrial use are also lower than those of most OECD countries.In most OECD countries,the prices of electricity for residential use are higher than those for industrial use,but in China,it is the other way around.In order to change this situation,China began to study the feasibility of introducing a muhistep electricity price system. Due to the long period of extremely low prices of electricity in China ,the electricity industry is heavily in debt and some enterprises are on the verge of bankruptcy.Many foreign electricity investors have pulled out of China and a host of private electricity investors have left the electricity industry.The coal-fired power plants of China＇s Big Five power producers are all big money losers,resulting in a continuous decline in added coal-fired generating capacity.For the above reasons,accelerating the reform aimed at moving towards a market-driven electricity pricing mechanism is essential.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2013年第7期8-12,共5页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
电价
电力体制改革
阶梯电价
生活电价
工业电价
electricity price
electricity system reform
multistep electricity price system
prices of electricity for residential use
prices of electricity for industrial use
