摘要
灾后需求评估是一种在灾害发生后及时收集受影响民众的需求信息,将信息传递给外部援助者,为更好地开展救援和灾后重建工作提供数据支撑的评估活动。它可以在灾害发生后的不同时间节点开展,其内容涵盖了受灾者的基本生活状况、现有资源、需求和态度等各个方面。近年来,各国政府、联合国有关机构和国际组织及研究人员加强了开发各种灾后需求评估方法。评估方法以大规模问卷调查方法为主。回顾了灾后需求评估的理论框架、实施方法和在国际灾害治理中的应用情况,并建议我国应加强对灾后需求评估理论与方法的研究,将其纳入灾害治理与响应系统。
Post-disaster needs assessment is an activity that collects information from disaster-affected populace in order to provide data and analyses to external supporters to facilitate rescue and rehabilitation. It can be conducted at various time points after the disaster. The assessment contents cover aspects of basic living conditions, existing resources, needs and attitudes of the affected populace. In recent years, governments, UN relevant agencies, international organizations and researchers have put increasing effort into developing various post disaster needs assessment tools. The dominant assessment method is large-scale questionary. Theoretical framework, methodology and applications of post-disaster needs assessment is briefly reviewed in this paper. Suggestions on how to put post-disaster needs assessment into China~ disaster governance system were proposed.
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期24-31,共8页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
国家十一五科技支撑计划项目(2008BAK49B06)
关键词
需求评估
灾害治理
理论
方法
实践
need assessment
disaster governance
theory
methodology
practise
