摘要
目的了解郴州市职业危害现状,提出针对职业危害的预防和控制措施。方法以2011年底注册有职业危害的1 803家企业为调查对象,采用职业卫生现场调查与检测、职业健康监护、急性中毒事件调查资料分析等方法。结果全市1 803家企业工作场所职业病危害因素合格率低,分别是:粉尘类(煤尘10.8%、电焊烟尘32.8%、矽尘77.7%),有毒化学物质类是二氧化锰50.8%、铅烟51.4%、铅尘52.3%、砷及化合物64.4%、钨69.7%、甲苯82%,物理因素是噪声54.1%、电焊弧光64.2%。职业病发病中急性职业中毒主要以一氧化碳、砷化氢、硫化氢为主,慢性职业病发病以尘肺、铅中毒、苯中毒、白内障、噪声聋为主。郴州市职业病危害因素存在种类多、接触人数多、职业卫生检测和职业健康体检率低、企业职业病防控能力不高、职业卫生管理能力不强等问题。结论郴州市工业企业职业病危害因素对职业人群造成了严重的健康影响,制定以结合实际突出重点加强监管、企业履行职业病防治主体责任、提高卫生技术服务能力等综合的职业危害控制和干预措施,才能有效降低职业病危害风险。
Objective To investigate the present situation of occupational hazards in Chenzhou city,so as to put forward prevention and control measures.Methods Totally,1,803 enterprises that were registered to have occupational hazards at the end of 2011 were selected as the research objects.Field investigation,detection and occupational health surveillance were conducted.The data of acute poisoning investigation were analyzed.Results The qualified rates of the occupational hazards in the workplaces of the 1,803 enterprises were low.For the dust,the qualified rates of coal dust,welding fume dust and silica dust were 10.8%,32.8% and 77.7%,respectively.For the toxic chemicals,the qualified rates of manganese dioxide was 50.8%,lead smoke 51.4%,lead dust 52.3%,arsenic and arsenic compounds 64.4%,tungsten 69.7% and toluene 82%.For the physical factors,the qualified rate of noise was 54.1% and of electric welding＇s arc light was 64.2%.Acute poisoning was mainly from carbon monoxide,arsenic hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide.Chronic occupational diseases mainly included pneumoconiosis,lead poisoning,benzene poisoning,cataract and noise deafness.Occupation hazards in Chenzhou city had many kinds and contact people.The occupational health inspection rate and occupational health examination rate were low.The occupational disease prevention and control capacity and the occupational health management capability were not high.Conclusions The occupational hazard factors in the industrial enterprises in Chenzhou city have severe impacts on the health of the occupational population.To develop comprehensive occupational hazard control and intervention measures based on the practical situation,including strengthening supervision and corporate responsibility,and improving the occupational health service capacity,can reduce the risk of occupational disease hazards.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2013年第6期670-675,共6页
Practical Preventive Medicine
基金
郴州市2011年科技计划项目
关键词
职业病危害
现状
干预措施
Occupational disease hazards
Present situation
Intervention measures
