摘要
实验结果拟合得到的规律即唯象理论,它们的例外总是容易找到的。可是,为什么唯象理论中唯独热力学几乎找不到例外呢?显然,要从理论的"基础"来考察,理论的"基础"通常指理论是否具有公理化的形式体系。具有公理结构的理论就几乎不可能找到例外。100年多前物理学通过演绎法摆脱了"Russell鸡"单一归纳的逻辑,现在应该是将化学建立在完整逻辑(即归纳加演绎的逻辑)基础上的时候了。本文介绍热力学的公理结构,以此提醒理论或概念的"基础"是很重要的,以实验现象的归纳为唯一依据得到的唯象理论很有可能最后被发现是建立在沙滩上的。
It is always easy to find exceptions of the phenomenological theories,which are the rules or laws obtained directly from experiments.Although thermodynamics belongs phenomenological theory,it is impossible to find its exception.Obviously,the ＂foundation＂ of thermodynamics should be examined,namely its axiomatic formalism.Physicists had get rid of pure inductive way of thinking,i.e.the way of Russell＇s chicken,by introduction of deduction many years ago.It is now the turn for chemists.This article describes the axiomatic formalism of the thermodynamics,and reminds the importance of the ＂foundation＂ of any theory,and otherwise some theories on which our thinking is based will eventually be found to be built on sand.
出处
《化学通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期388-398,共11页
Chemistry
关键词
热力学
公理形式体系
基础
Thermodynamics
Axiomatic formalism
Foundation.
