摘要
从土地权利分层与交易的角度,对清代典的分类考察发现,典是约定期限内土地经营权及其全部收益与利息的交易,而不是表面上的"租息相抵"。典与其他地权交易形式各有特点,相互关联,形成"胎借—租佃—押租—典—抵押—活卖—绝卖"层次分明且具有内在逻辑的地权交易体系。典、活卖、押租的回赎机制,有效维护了农户保障与恢复地权的意愿,压缩了绝卖和带有高利贷性质的抵押所容易导致的地权转移空间。多层次的地权交易体系,使农户能够根据市场价格与风险偏好进行选择,以满足自身需求,并有助于实现当期收益与远期收益之间的跨期调剂,从而促进土地流转与生产要素组合,提高经济效率。
A classified study of dian (conditional sale) in the Qing dynasty from the perspective of land rights stratification and transaction reveals that dian was the transaction of land management right and all the benefits and interests derived from the right within the term of agreement, rather than an 'offset of rent and interest rates.' Dian was both independent from and interconnected with other transaction forms, constituting an inherently logical and highly diversified transaction system of land rights comprising taijie (title deposit loans), zudian (tenancy), yazu (rental deposit), dian (conditional sale), diya (mortgage), huomai (live sale) and juemai (irrevocable sale). The redemption mechanism of dian, huomai and yazu effectively safeguarded the farmers’ will to protect and redeem their property rights by limiting the room of land rights transfer caused by juemai and diya with highinterest loans. The diversified transaction system of land rights enabled farmers to make their own choices in accordance with market prices, risks and personal preferences, and helped achieve an intertemporal regulation of current benefits and longterm benefits, thereby promoting the combination of land circulation with factors of production and boosting economic efficiency.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第5期125-141,207,共17页
Social Sciences in China
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(10&ZD078)"中国土地制度变革史"
教育部社科规划项目(10YJA790124)"田面权制度遗产的历史借鉴"的阶段性成果
