摘要
本文旨在从自然资本的角度分析中美从双边货物贸易中获得的生态利益,自然资本以生态足迹(EF)测度,并采用产品用地系数矩阵(PLUM)方法计算。本文构造商品贸易量向量、用地转换系数矩阵及等价因子向量,并建立矩阵算式,测算1992年至2010年中国向美出口及从美进口的全部商品的EF值,进而分析双边货物贸易EF值的贸易特征。结果表明:①中国实际用地EF贸易条件改善,但中国的实际用地丰裕度降低,为实现出口商品的结构提升,中国付出如下代价:碳汇用地EF贸易条件恶化、出口EF结构碳化、从碳汇用地净进口国转变为碳汇用地净出口国。②美国的碳汇用地EF贸易条件改善、出口EF结构绿化,美国用实际用地换取中国的碳汇用地。长期以来,中国出口商品结构提升并未考虑自然资本的代价。制成品、机电产品出口的增长同时也意味着中国为贸易伙伴国提供碳汇用地的负担加重。我们应该认真思考如何在制成品、机电产品出口增长与生态资源保护之间寻求平衡,如何尽量减少产品出口所付出的生态资源代价。
This study aims to reveal the ecological benefits obtained by China and the United States from the China-U. S. bilateral trade of goods, from the perspective of natural capital, which is measured in ecological footprint （EF） and calculated by product land use matrix （PLUM） approach. This study has constructed trade volume vector, conversion coefficient matrix, and equivalent factor vector, and established matrix formula to calculate the EF of the goods exported from China to the U.S. and imported into China from the U.S. during the years of 1992 to 2010, and hence analyzed the trade traits on the EF of the bilateral trade. The result shows that ① China＇ s terms of trade of EF （TTEF） for actual land gets better; however, China＇ s abundance of actual land has decreased, in order to upgrade its structure of goods export, China has paid the following price ： TYEF for carbon sink land got worse, its EF structure of goods export were carbonizing, and China became a net exporter of carbon sink land. ②The U.S. TYEF for carbon sink land got better, its EF structure of export was greenizing, and the U.S. was trading its actual land for China＇ s carbon sink land. For quite a long time, the upgrading of China＇ s export structure has not taken into account of price of natural capital. China＇ s growing export of manufactured goods and electromechanical products also became the growing burden for China to provide its partner country with carbon sink land. More consideration should be made on how to balance China＇ s growing export of manufactured goods and electromechanical products and its natural resources protection, and how to reduce as much as possible the expense of ecological resources for the export of goods.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第5期170-176,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
2013年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"中国进出口贸易内涵自然资本与生态资源贫瘠化假说--以生态足迹为测度的分析"
华中科技大学2011年度大学生科技创新项目"南北贸易与发展中国家生态资源贫瘠化--来自中国的数据"
关键词
中美双边贸易
自然资本
生态足迹
PLUM
China-U. S. bilateral trade
natural capital
ecological footprint
PLUM
