摘要
长期以来,学术界对马克思的首部哲学著作《博士论文》在唯物史观创立中的地位没有给予应有的关注,大多认为马克思在这一时期尚处于"模习"、"混乱"与"过渡"的思想状态,或指认《博士论文》的基本立场是自由主义的,基本哲学性质是青年黑格尔主义的,因而这一时期的马克思是"一位地道的唯心主义哲学家"。然而事实并非如此。在《博士论文》中,马克思突破了单纯的机械自然观、精神异化理论和自我意识的精神解放等局限,将人与自然、人与社会、人与自身的关系统合起来加以认识和把握,以更广阔的视域和更高远的视角来探寻实现人的自由、发展和解放的道路,初步展露出了正确认识人与自然界的关系、摆脱自然的奴役和压迫、"成为自然界的主人",正确认识人与社会的关系、摆脱社会的奴役和压迫、"成为自己的社会结合的主人",正确认识人与自身的关系、摆脱自己对自己的束缚和压迫、"成为自身的主人——自由的人"的思想雏形,初步形成了"三个解放"、"三个主人"的思想萌芽,表达出了历史唯物主义的一些重要观点。
For a pretty long time, the academic circle of Marxism has not paid enough attention to Marx＇s first philosophical works, which is known as Doctoral Dissertation. It is generally believed that in this period Marx was still in a state of ＂imitation＂, ＂confusion＂ and ＂transition＂ mind, or the basic position of his Doctoral Dissertation is considered as liberalism and its basic philosophy nature belongs to young Hegelians. However, that is not the truth. In his Doctoral Dissertation, Marx broke through the limitation of simple mechanical view of nature, the spiritual alienation theory and self-conscious liberation, so on and so forth . Instead, he combined the relationship between human and nature, human and society, human and itself, through a comprehensive grasp and understanding. From a much more broader and higher perspective, Marx attempted to explore the road for human＇ s freedom, liberation and development. He preliminarily showed his early thoughts of a correct understanding of the relationship between human and nature, a way out of slavery and oppression, and a method to become their own masters, which is called ＂a free human＂ as a whole. That is to say, in this period Marx initially and preliminarily formed his ideological sprout of ＂three liberation＂ and ＂three masters＂, with the expression of some important view of historical materialism.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第5期33-38,共6页
Academic Monthly
关键词
《博士论文》
唯物史观
人的解放
Doctoral Dissertation, historical materialism, human liberation
