摘要
福岩洞位于湖南省道县乐福堂乡，2011年9-10月间，中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所和湖南省文物考古研究所在道县文物管理局的配合下，对该洞穴进行了发掘，揭露面积约20m2。调查显示，福岩洞属于大型管道型溶洞，发育于上古生界碳酸盐岩系内，遗址周边属于峰林和溶盆地貌，处于岩溶发育的后期。洞内堆积发育，以砂砾石层和红黏土为主。本次发掘出土5枚古人类牙齿化石和大量哺乳动物化石，其中人类牙齿总体形态特征与现代人（Homosapiens）接近哺乳动物化石中己鉴定出39种（含未定种），其中灭绝种只有巴氏大熊猫、最后鬣狗、剑齿象、巨貘、南方猪等；结合铀系法初步年代测定和动物群面貌判断，古人类活动的年代大致为晚更新世。本次发掘表明，该遗址仍有较大的工作潜力，对其进一步发掘和研究将为探讨古人类在该区域的演化和生活方式提供有价值的科学信息。
Fuyan Cave （formerly called Houbeishan cave site by local farmers） site, which was discovered in 1984, is an important Late Pleistocene cave. It is located in Tangbei village, Lefutang town, Daoxian County, Hunan Province （latitude 2539＇02.7＇, longitude 1112849.2E, 232 m above sea level）. A new excavation was conducted by a joint team from the stuff of Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology （Chinese Academy of Sciences）, Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, and Office for Cultural Relics Administration of Daoxian County during September 10 to October 20, 2011. Five hominin teeth and a large number of mammalian fossils were unearthed. The Fuyan Cave, developed in the limestone series of Upper Paleozoic, is located in the hinterland of South China Plate, and south margin of North Subtropical Zone. The karst development of the cave belongs to the late stage of the karst developing system, which shows the peak forest karst and karst basin of the geomorpholocal feature in the adjacent regions. The cave, with main subject extent from north to south, belongs to large sized pipeline type cave. The Fuyan Cave was formed by the vertical vadose fracture water dissolution and transferred to horizontal vadose water corrosion which became the dominant resorption pattern of the karst development. Sand gravel and red clay was developed in the cave which was rich in hominin fossil and mammalian fossils. This excavation can be classified into I and II trenches exposing an area of totally 20m2. Five hominin teeth and large number of mammalian fossils were unearthed from this excavation season. Judging from the general morphological characteristics of the human teeth, the feature of the five teeth shows close tie with Homo sapiens, and the sizes of the teeth all full into the tooth size variation of Chinese modern humans. Thirty nine mammalian species, including some undetermined species, have been recognized, only few of them got extinct, e.g..4iluropoda baconi, Crocuta ultima, Stegodon
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期133-143,共11页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-03)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05130101)资助
关键词
晚更新世
古人类
2011年发掘
道县
福岩洞
Late Pleistocene
Hominin fossils
Excavation in 2011
Daoxian
Fuyan Cave
