摘要
【目的】研究小麦超高压诱变突变体光合特性及农艺性状的变化,为小麦超高压诱变育种的可行性研究提供理论依据。【方法】以超高压诱变处理(120MPa,8h)获得的偃展4110突变株系高压2、高压3、高压5、高压9和高压11为试验材料,以未经高压处理的偃展4110纯系为对照,从抽穗期至成熟期测定其叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等光合生理及农艺性状指标,探讨超高压诱变小麦突变株系光合特性和农艺性状的变化规律。【结果】突变株系中,高压3、高压9和高压11在不同时期的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)均高于对照,且降幅小于对照。高压3和高压9的净光合速率从抽穗期到开花期增幅分别为29.7%和37.4%,而对照增幅仅为20.1%。从抽穗期至成熟期,高压3和高压5的气孔导度(Gs)均高于对照。从开花期到灌浆期,高压2和高压3的蒸腾速率(Tr)分别增加19.1%和16.0%,显著高于对照的增幅(11.3%)。从开花期到成熟期,高压2的胞间CO2浓度下降了0.6%,对照下降了4.7%,差异显著(P<0.05)。5个突变株系的气孔限制值(Ls)在抽穗期最大。高压2和高压3的叶片水分利用效率随抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期和成熟期的发育进程呈下降趋势。突变株系高压2和高压3的株高、穗粒数、有效穗数、千粒质量及产量均明显优于对照。【结论】超高压诱变小麦突变株系的光合特性及其农艺性状发生了变化,高压2和高压3的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、水分利用效率和产量均显著高于对照,是比较优异的突变株系,说明利用超高压诱变选育优质小麦品种是可行的。
[Objective] Change of photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits of mutated wheat strains induced by ultra-high-pressure was studied. [Method] Wheat variety Yanzhan 4110 was treated with ultra-high-pressure （120 MPa） for 8 hours. During the growth and maturation of wheat plants,five mutants, named Gaoya 2, Gaoya 3, Gaoya 5, Gaoya 9 and Gaoya 11, were selected in the field. Photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits,including chlorophyll relative content （SPAD values） ,net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, of the five mutated strains were compared with control from heading period to mature period. The changes of photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits of wheat mutated strains induced by ultra-high-pressure were discussed. [Result] Chlorophyll relative contents （SPAD values） of Gaoya 3,Gaoya 9 and Gaoya 11 were higher than those of control in different development stages and their decreasing amplitudes were smaller compared to Yanzhan 4110. Comparing with control, net photosynthetic rates during heading-maturity stage of Gaoya 3 and Gaoya 9 increased by 29.7%, 37.4% respectively, while that of control was 20.1^. Net photosynthetic rates increased consider- ably during heading-mature stages. It showed that the stomatal conductance of Gaoya 3 and Gaoya 5 were higher than control from heading to mature stages. Transpiration of Gaoya 2 and Gaoya 3 increased by 19.1%, and 16.0% respectively, significantly higher than that of control （11.3%） during flowering-filling stage. The intercellular CO2 concentration of Gaoya 2 decreased by 0.6% while that of control decreased by up to 4.7 % during flowering-mature stage, showing a marked difference（P〈0.05）. Stomatal limitations in five mutated strains 3 were the highest in heading stage. Water utilization ratios of Gaoya 2 and Gaoya 3 decreased along development stages of heading, flowering, filling and mature. Plant heights, grains per spike, numbers of spike, 1 000-grain weighs,and yields of mutat
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期86-92,共7页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划课题(2011AA100103)
陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目(2011KTZB02-01)
西北农林科技大学唐仲英植物育种基金项目
关键词
超高压诱变
小麦
突变体
光合特性
农艺性状
ultra-high-pressure treatment
wheat mutated strains
photosynthetic characteristics agronomic traits
