摘要
在介绍了内蒙古草地自然环境特点及重点草原区分布的基础上,讨论了气候变化的现状、特点及对内蒙古草地的影响。利用Century模型,模拟预测了草地气候变化的未来趋势,提出了适应和应对气候变化的宏观对策和具体措施。内蒙古草地具有先天的环境和生态脆弱性,气候变化集中体现在整体暖干化、增温强度大、时空变化多元、复杂和极端气候事件增多4个方面,使脆弱性加强,畜牧业经营的风险加大。气候变化的影响有正、负两方面的特征,主要体现在对草地地上净初级生产力的影响和对气象灾害的影响方面。总体表现为多数草地区草地地上净初级生产力提高,但气象灾害的危害程度和范围加大,增加了生物灾害的可能性。为此,在宏观方面建议,首先应加强对气候变化的科学研究,进一步掌握气候变化及其影响规律;其次是加强信息网络平台建设,提供及时准确的气候变化信息服务;第三是政府部门应加强抗灾能力建设,变被动抗灾为主动预防;第四是根据预测的未来草地生产力变化趋势,及时调整畜牧业产业布局,优化产业结构。提出的具体对策建议包括:加快全面建立和完善牧区饲草料储备制度和市场、流通制度的步伐;鼓励探索体制、机制创新;在逐步减轻草地放牧压力的情况下,促进草地自身生态好转;在沙地草地植被恢复重建中,应以草、灌植物为主;加强人工、半人工和改良草地建设及健全和完善草原防灾减灾体系。
Based on the introduction of Inner Mongolia grassland natural environment characteristics and key grassland distribution, current situation and characteristic of climate change, as well as the effects on Inner Mon- golia grassland were discussed. By using the Century model, the future trend of climate change in grassland region was simulated and predicted. For the adaptation to climate change, some macro strategies and specific measures were put forward. Inner Mongolia grassland owns natural environment and ecological vulnerability, climate change is reflected in four respects~ i. e the overall warming and drying, temperature supernormal increasing, multiple and complex temporal and spatial variation and extreme climate events increasing, which makes the vulnerability strengthened and animal husbandry business risks increased. The effects of climate change showed on two aspectsof positive and negative, mainly reflected in the effects on aboveground net primary productivity and the impact on meteorological disasters. The overall performance of aboveground net primary productivity for most grassland are- as was positive, but meteorological hazard degree and area increased. Also the possibility of biological disasters in- creased. Therefore, in the macroscopic aspect, first of all should strengthen the scientific research on climate change, to further understand the climate change and its impact Mechanisml followed by strengthening the con- struction of information network platform, to provide timely and accurate information on climate change services; the third is that the government department should strengthen the construction of disaster resilience, change from passive to active prevention~ the fourth is to timely adjust animal husbandry industry layout, optimize the industri- al structure based on the predicted future trend of grassland productivity changes. Put forward the countermeasure and suggestions that include： to speed up the establishment of a forage reserve system and market circulation sys- temi to
出处
《内蒙古草业》
2013年第1期5-12,共8页
Inner Mongolia Prataculture
基金
(中-英-瑞)中国适应气候变化项目(ACCC/20100620-02)
关键词
内蒙古草地
草地畜牧业
气候变化
气象灾害
极端气候事件
适应性
Inner Mongolia grassland
pastural animal husbandry
climate change
meteorological disasters
extreme weather events
adaptability
