摘要
随着全社会对资源环境稀缺性和环境价值认同的不断深入,世界各国从污染防治和生态环境保护实践中逐渐形成并健全了环境损害评估制度.环境损害评估的实践活动在科学研究层面对环境法学、环境经济学、环境科学、环境工程等相关学科的发展提出了新的挑战;在应用层面不断推动相关法律法规、技术方法、工作机制、程序导则的形成和完善.在比较分析美国、欧盟、日本等环境损害评估国际实践经验的基础上,明确了环境损害评估相关概念、内涵与范畴,系统梳理了各国相关法律法规、工作机制、技术导则、评估方法、资金来源以及沟通协调等制度内容.当前我国环境损害评估理论和实践都处于起步阶段,结合我国当前严峻的环境形势和社会经济发展阶段特征,借鉴国外先进经验,提出了我国环境损害评估的定位和发展方向,对探索适合我国国情的环境损害评估制度具有重要意义.
As the whole society gradually realizes the scarcity of nature resources and environmental value,countries all over the world have evolved and improved the system of environmental damage assessment through the practices of pollution prevention and ecological environmental protection.On one hand,in the research prospective,the practices of environmental damage assessment brought new challenges to environmental law,environmental economics,environmental science,environmental engineering,etc.On the other hand,they constantly promoted and developed relevant laws and regulations,techniques,working mechanism,and guidelines on procedure in practice.On the basis of comparison and analysis of international practices and experiences from US,EU,and Japan,etc.,this article identified relevant concepts,content,and scope of environmental damage assessment,and presented its scientific positioning and development direction.At present,both theory and practice of environmental damage assessment in China are in their infancy period.Considering current environmental situation and socioeconomic development features of China,learning international practices and experiences and raising the orientation of environmental damage assessment have great meaning in exploring the suitable environmental damage assessment system.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期1653-1666,共14页
Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41101572)
关键词
环境污染
损害评估制度
美国
日本
欧盟
自然资源
environmental pollution
damage assessment regulations
US
Japan
EU
natural resources
