摘要
为设施番茄实施根层灌溉和科学施肥管理提供技术支撑,在冬春茬番茄田,采用沟灌、膜下沟灌和膜下渗灌3种灌溉方式,研究了不同灌溉方式下设施番茄不同生育期根系的分布特征及其对灌溉方式的响应。结果表明:设施番茄花果期、采收期根系的最大分布深度分别为50 cm和60 cm,不同灌溉方式对根系最大垂直分布深度影响不明显;地面覆膜有促使根系分布呈浅层化的趋势,浅层化态势主要表现在0～10 cm土层;蔬菜主要根系层分布具有相对稳定性,3种灌溉方式下根重主要分布层均在0～30 cm土层,该层根系重量占根系总重量的92.26%～99.15%;地下供水(渗灌)较地面供水(沟灌)使根系分布呈现较均匀化特征,根系的集中分布区空间也大于沟灌,沟灌根系集中分布在5～20 cm的土层范围,渗灌根系则较均匀分布在0～25 cm的土层范围。面对主要根系层的"依浅根管理"对蔬菜作物尤为重要,蔬菜更应注重浅根性微域空间水肥供给。
In order to provide technical support for the implementation of tomato root layer irrigation and fertilizer management, the distribution characteristics of tomato root and the response to the irrigation methods in greenhouse under different growing period on different irrigation methods （no mulching furrow irrigation, furrow irrigation under membrane, membrane under infiltration irrigation） were studied. The results showed that the largest vertical depth of greenhouse tomato in flowering-fruiting period and harvesting period respectively was 50 cm and 60 cm. It was not affected indistinctively by the irrigation methods, but plastic film mulching could make the root distributions show shallowing trend, and the trend showed root distribution in 0 - 10 cm soil layer. The distribution of main root layer of vegetables was relatively stable, it mainly distributed in 0 -30 cm shallow soil layer of three irrigation methods, and the root mass weight of the layer was 92.26% -99.15% of total. The root distribution of underground water （infiltration irrigation） showed a more uniform characteristics, and had a larger space for the concentrated distribution area than ground water （ furrow irrigation ） , the root of furrow irrigation was mainly distributed in 5 - 20 cm soil layer space, and the root of infiltration irrigation was more uniformly distributed in 0 - 25 cm soil layer space. ＂ Managing according to shallow root＂ of facing the main root layer was particularly important for vegetable crops, vegetable managing should pay more attention to the water and fertilizer supply inshallow root micro domain space.
出处
《河北农业科学》
2012年第8期36-40,44,共6页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
农业部行业科技支撑计划项目(201303133)
河北省科技支撑计划项目(11220701D-3)
河北省财政专项(F12E15071)
河北省财政专项(F12R15030)
关键词
灌溉方式
根系分布
温室
番茄
Irrigation methods
Root distribution
Greenhouse
Tomato
