摘要
以超级杂交稻"Ⅱ优航2号"为试验材料,大田条件下,分别在前期(移栽期)、中期(拔节期)、后期(始穗期)55%遮光处理14d,以全生育期自然光处理为对照,对不同生育期弱光胁迫条件下超级稻生长发育、产量及品质进行研究。结果表明,移栽期弱光胁迫主要使超级稻分蘖数和叶面积指数减少,有效穗数降低10.77%,产量下降6.70%,源不足是产量损失的主要因素,但对稻米品质无显著影响;拔节期弱光胁迫主要使茎鞘物质积累减少,株高降低10.64%,每穗粒数和千粒重分别下降14.26%和7.87%,减产幅度较大,减产22.44%,库小是减产的主要原因;拔节期弱光胁迫使稻米的糙米率、精米率及整精米率等加工品质下降;而始穗期弱光胁迫则主要影响谷粒的充实度,结实率和千粒重分别下降26.54%和14.10%,减产幅度最大,减产36.14%,流不畅是导致减产的主要原因;始穗期弱光胁迫对稻米品质影响显著,使加工品质与外观品质变劣。弱光逆境对超级稻营养生长期的影响最小,对幼穗发育期的影响次之,对始穗结实期的影响最大。
To understand the effect of deficient sunlight on the super rice production in light-poor areas,a field experiment was conducted.The super-hybrid rice,Ⅱ Youhang 2,was used for the study.At the early（transplanting）,middle（jointing） and late（initial heading） stages,rice grain yield and quality were determined with 55% shading for 14 days,in comparison to those under the natural light condition as the control.The results showed that the shading at the transplanting stage significantly decreased the filler number and the leaf area index.It also reduced the effective panicle number by 10.77%,and the yield by 6.70%.The yield loss was due to insufficient supply of nutrients.But,there was no significant difference in the grains quality.At the jointing stage,the shading caused significant inhibition of stem growth and sheath dry matter accumulation.It decreased the grains per panicle by 14.26%,1000-grain weight by 7.87%,and the yield by 22.44%.The yield reduction was attributed to the decreased sink.Meanwhile,the processing quality,such as the unrefined rice rate,the milled rice rate and the head milled rate,was decreased as well.At the initial heading stage,the shading decreased the percentage of filled grains,as well as,the grain-set rate and 1000-grain weight by 26.54% and 14.10%,respectively.The yield became the lowest among all treatments,i.e.,a reduction of 36.14%.Poor in nutrient flow was thought to be the main reason leading to the yield reduction.The grain quality of the rice shaded at initial heading stage was significantly inferior to that of the control.Thus,it was concluded that the greatest effect of deficiency in sunlight exposure on the super-hybrid rice occurred in the initial heading and grain filling stages,followed by the young spike development and the vegetative growth stages.
出处
《福建农业学报》
CAS
2013年第2期107-112,共6页
Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家高新技术研究发展计划("863"计划)项目(2011AA10A101
2012AA100401)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2011J01107)
福建省科技计划项目--省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2011R1023-8)
福建省财政专项(STIF-Y04)
关键词
光照胁迫
超级稻
生长发育
产量
品质
Light deficiency
super-hybrid rice
growth
grain yield
quality
