摘要
西方画家在清宫供职,始于康熙朝。意大利画家杰凡尼·热拉蒂尼(Giovanni Gheradini),是有据可考的最早供职于康熙宫廷的洋画家。他受法国耶稣会邀请来到中国,承担北京天主教北堂的装饰任务,同时为康熙皇帝及其家族绘制肖像,并在宫内教授油画技巧,后返回欧洲。当时清宫具有相对开放的文化环境,康熙皇帝对绘画实用性的需求并对西画的透视学感兴趣,这奠定了西洋绘画在清宫传播的基础。而西洋绘画一进入清宫,就开始了中国化改造,至雍正乾隆朝,清宫廷绘画形成了中西合璧的热潮。
Not until the period of Emperor Kangxi( 康熙 ) were the foreign painters for the first time employed in the imperial court of China. As is recorded in the historical documents, Painter Giovanni was the first to come to China from Italy who was invited by the French Society of Jesus. He was commissioned to decorate Beijing Beitang Church (present Xishiku Church), draw portraits for Emperor Kangxi( 康熙 ) and his family members, and teach how to paint in oils as well. He returned Europe afterwards. Fundamentally, the introduction of western paintings into China depended on the open cultural environment owing to Emperor Kangxi’s( 康熙 ) taste in the science of perspective applied in the western paintings and his demand for practical uses. The western paintings got sinicized right after they entered the imperial Qing court. There was a great upsurge in production of Western-Chinese paintings by the periods of Emperor Yongzhen( 雍正 ) and Emperor Qianlong 乾隆 .
出处
《故宫博物院院刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期28-42,158,共15页
Palace Museum Journal
关键词
杰凡尼·热拉蒂尼
耶稣会天主教北堂康熙班达里沙焦秉贞
清宫早期油画
Giovanni Gheradini
Society of Jesus
Beitang Church
Emperor Kangxi
Bandalisha
Jiao Bingzhen
court paintings of the early Qing Dynasty
