摘要
我国正处于传统农业向现代农业转型的特殊时期,农业技术、农业形态和农户行为都呈现出明显的变化。在农户兼业化背景下,农户非农就业趋势明显,加之农业生产机会成本不断提高,致使我国农业劳动力缺失问题日益严峻,直接影响着农业现代化进程和先进农业技术的推广应用,而农技外包是化解这一困境的有效途径。本文从农户分化视角出发,论述农技外包的形成过程,以农业生产经营过程为研究对象,沿循要素配置,生产管理及产品营销路径,探究农技外包服务的表现形式。通过构建农技采纳效益模型,对比总结农户技术使用前后家庭收益水平的变动,明确其在提升农业产出方面的积极作用,并从外包技术供给方和需求方的角度阐述技术服务效益的实现途径。以委托代理理论为基础,分析农技外包微观主体的选择行为,阐述不同类型农技服务的特征决定了其外包最优合约的差异性。其中易分割计量农技外包服务选择租赁合约的适用性更强,不易分割计量农技外包服务选择分成合约的效益更显著。
It is a special era that the agriculture in our country is changing rapidly from traditional mode to mordern mode. The agriculture technology, pattern and behavior of the peasants are changing obviously. With farmers＇ diversification, tendency of non-farm employment of farmer and the high opportunity cost in agricultural praduction, the problem of lacking agricultural labor in China is increasingly severe, directly affecting agricuhure modernization and the application of advanced agricultural technology. Agricultural technology outsourcing is an effective way to solve this dilemma. In terms of rural-household differentiation, this paper discusses the formation process of techology outsourcing service in agriculture. Based on the process of agricultural production, we trace the way in allocation of production factors, management of production and products marketing, and then analyze the formats of technology outsourcing service. The paper makes a contrastive analysis and finds out the difference of household income by using the technology. It is clearly that agricultual technology outsourcing plays an important role in increasing output. From views of both suppliers and demanders of outsourcing technology, it presents realization methods of effective implementation of technical services by building the agricultural technology adoption model. According to analyzing choices of outsourcing individuals, based on the theory of principal- agent, this paper proves that characteristics of different agricultural services resolve in optimal outsourcing contract differences. Conclusions are that the lease contract is more suitable for the easily split and metered agricultural technology outsourcing services.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第3期82-86,共5页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"农户分化背景下需求导向型农技推广机制研究"(编号:71273248)
关键词
农技外包
合约选择
效益机制
农业技术推广
technology outsourcing service in agricultural
contract choice
benefit mechanism
agricultural technology extension
