摘要
瘤胃微生物虽然可发酵饲料产生挥发性脂肪酸和微生物蛋白为反刍动物供应能量和蛋白质,但是这种发酵过程会造成能量(甲烷排放)和蛋白质(氨氮流失)的损失,从而降低反刍动物的生产性能和污染环境。离子载体抗生素在减少瘤胃能量和蛋白质损失方面效果显著,但是其应用越来越受到限制。因此,寻求抗生素替代物来调控瘤胃发酵成为科学家们研究的热点。近年来,大量研究表明,植物提取物中含有皂苷、挥发精油和单宁等多种生物活性成分,具有抗菌、促生长、提高免疫力和抗氧化等功能,同时具有调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵模式,降低饲料蛋白质损失,减少甲烷排放的功能。文章针对应用于反刍动物饲料的植物提取物的来源、种类、组成特性和应用做了综述,以期为我国植物提取物的产品开发和利用提供参考。
Microorganisms in the rumen degrade nutrients to produce volatile fatty acids and synthesize microbial protein as an energy and protein supply for the ruminant, respectively. However, this fermentation process has energy （losses of methane） anti protein （losses of ammonia N） inefficiencies that may limit production performance and contribute to the release of pollutants to the environment.Antibiotic ionophores have been very successful in reducing these energy and protein losses in the rumen ,but the use of antibiotics in animal feeds is facing reduced social acceptance.For this reason,scientsits have become interested in evaluating other alternatives to control specific microbial populations to modulate rumen fermentation .In recent years many researches conform that plants extracts contain saponins tannins ,essential oil and other compositions which nave antimicrobial ,growth -promoting ,antioxidation,and immunologyical enhancing properties ,making them to be potential altematives toantibiotics to manpulate microbial activities in the rumen.The objectives of this paper are to review the most important findings on effests of the plant extracts in the rumen,to describe theri identified origins ,categories,effective components and modes of action,and to provide some ideas for further investigation and applicatins of plant extracts in ruminant nutritin.
出处
《饲料工业》
北大核心
2012年第23期53-57,共5页
Feed Industry
基金
农业部现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系[CARS-37]
关键词
植物提取物
瘤胃发酵
调控
plant extracts
rumen fermentation
manipulating
