摘要
采用2010年12月-2011年11月拉萨市13个自动气象站的逐时气温观测资料以及同期MODIS地表温度数据,讨论了拉萨市城市热岛效应的时空分布特征。结果表明:①在人口相对比较密集、城市化进程发展迅速的城关区、堆龙德庆、达孜、曲水等地,其热岛效应显著,以城关区(拉萨老城区中心)最为突出。从季节变化来看,冬季的热岛效应最强,其次是春季和秋季,最弱的是夏季;热岛强度在3月初(开始减弱)以及9月中旬(开始增强)存在着显著突变,这一特征对应了春、夏季热岛较弱,秋、冬季热岛效应较强的分布规律。此外,热岛强度和海拔高度之间呈现很好的反相关;②拉萨市一年中城市热岛出现概率高达99.45%,其中,绝大多数热岛强度介于1～2℃;逐月热岛效应差别较大,10月最大,热岛值可以达到2.11℃,9月次之,7月热岛强度最弱,热岛值仅为1.21℃;日变化特征为白天热岛强度呈现V字波动变化,晚上保持较高的热岛强度水平;白天的热岛效应在冬季最强,秋季夜间的热岛效应基本强于其他季节。
Urban heat island （UHI） effects are gradually becoming a serious problem. UHIs influence the atmospheric environment and result in bad weather, speed up land surface heat consumption, change biological habits, damage the lives and production of urban inhabitants, and disrupt consistent development of cities. Therefore, the study of UHIs is important to city planning, city warning, and improving city climatic environments. Two kinds of data are used in the study of UHI effects： conventional meteorological observation of air temperature and land surface temperature （LST） received from satellite remote sensing. Here, we investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of UHIs in Lhasa city with hourly observation of temperature at 13 automatic meteorological stations and MODIS LST for Lhasa from December 2010 to November 2011. Results show that the UHI effect was significant in areas with a relatively dense population and rapid urbanization such as Chengguanqu, Duilongdeqing, Dazi and Qushui, especially Chengguanqu （the center of old Lhasa city）. The strongest UHI intensity appeared in winter, then spring and autumn; the weakest UHI effect was found in summer. UHI intensity changed in early March （begins to fade） and mid-September （begins to strengthen）. This pattern corresponded with the distribution of a weak UHI effect in spring and summer, and strong UHI effect in autumn and winter. UHI intensity was negatively related to altitude. The occurrence probability of the UHI effect was as high as 99.45% in Lhasa city and most of the UHI intensity was around 1-2℃in 2011. The strongest UHI intensity appeared in October, when its value reached 2.11 ℃; intensity was weakest in July at 1.21 ℃. UHI intensity in winter was strongest during the day while evening intensity in autumn was the strongest for all seasons.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第12期2364-2373,共10页
Resources Science
基金
甘肃省科技重大专项(编号:1001JKDA001)
公益性行业专项(编号:GYHY201006054)
四川省气象局科技研究开发课题(编号:2012-青年基金-03)
中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目:"基于MODIS的拉萨地区城市热岛监测研究"
关键词
城市热岛
时空分布
自动气象站
影响因素
拉萨市
Urban heat island
Temporal and spatial distribution
Automatic meteorological station
Influencing factor
Lhasa City
