摘要
利用建立于1980年的砂壤质潮土肥料长期定位试验,对30年的肥效演变进行了研究与分析。结果表明,长期不同施肥处理,小麦、玉米历年产量顺序基本趋势为NPK>NP>N>CK;有机肥与化肥配合,作物产量大幅度提高,均高于相对应的化肥,且稳产性好。单施化肥前3年,氮肥养分效率明显,磷、钾肥效果不明显,3年后氮效下降,而磷、钾效上升;磷肥连续施用有明显的残效迭加效应,比一次足量施用具有更好的增产效果,且小麦的磷肥肥效高于玉米;砂壤质潮土增施钾肥有明显和稳定的增产效果,配施有机肥后肥效明显下降。有机肥与化肥配合,有机肥肥效随N、P、K配合比例的增加而降低,有机肥长期施用有明显的后效。养分供应不协调会引起作物缺素而严重影响生长发育,以致减产。
The changes of fertilizer application efficiency with 30 years of stationary experiments in sand loamy fluvo-aquic soil which began in 1980 were analyzed, and the results are as follows. With long-term application of different fertilizers, the yield order of wheat and maize was basically NPK〉 NP〉 N〉 CK; crop yields in soil with combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers were higher than those only applied with chemical fertilizer. In the first three years only applied with chemical fertilizers, the effect of N fertilizer on yield was obvious, while the effects of P and K fertilizers were not; the nitrogen use efficiency would decrease after three years, while the efficiencies of phosphorus and potassium would increase; continuous application of phosphate fertilizer had the additive effects on the residual effect, and more yield could be obtained than once a sufficient amount applied; the fertilizer efficiency of phosphorus on wheat was more high than that on maize; application of k fertilizer had a significant positive effect on crop yield in sand loamy fluvo-aquic soil, while effects of k fertilizer would decrease when combined with organic manure. The effect of organic manure would decrease when in combination with chemical fertilizers. Long-term application of organic manure had an obvious after-effect. Uncoordinated nutrient supply would cause the crop nutrient deficiency and severely affect the growth and development, which resulted in reduction of output.
出处
《安徽农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期950-954,共5页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural University
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203030)
国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-11-B-13)共同资助
关键词
砂壤质潮土
定位试验
肥效演变
sand loamy fluvo-aquic soil
stationary experiments
variance of fertilizer use efficiency
