摘要
环境磁学因其快速、经济以及对样品破坏性小的优点,逐渐在现代环境污染研究中发挥着重要作用.研究对象也扩展到土壤、降尘、植物和沉积物等污染载体.为了探讨现代污染中环境磁学的应用,回顾了环境磁学应用于环境污染研究的发展情况,总结了国内外基于不同污染载体的环境磁学研究成果,并对土壤、降尘、植物和沉积物在环境磁学研究中的特点及局限进行了初步探讨.除了反映污染分布外,各污染物载体的磁学应用各有侧重:土壤分布广泛,并可以用于反映中长期污染历史;降尘可用于监测短期污染变化;植物的磁学研究提供了高分辨率的污染分布图,且更为经济;沉积物稳定沉积以及受外界干扰较小,有助于污染历史的研究.不过,磁背景值的区分,人类活动对污染载体磁信息干扰等问题也需要得到关注.并认为,在未来的环境磁学发展方向中,应该努力挖掘现有参数的新意义,探索新的环境磁学参数,深入探讨磁性响应机理,同时运用不同污染物载体作为研究对象进行综合分析.
Since the correlation of magnetic properties, measured from materials mainly emitted by the combustion of fossil fuels and the industrial production, with the condition of some aspects of environmental pollution, such as pollution caused by heavy metal pollutants, was discovered many years ago, with its advantages of being sensitive, rapid, cost-effective as well as non-constructive, environmental magnetism was recognized as an important proxy method in the monitoring and determination of environmental situation in these polluted areas, before large-scale, relatively more expensive and time-consuming chemical measurements are started. Particularly in the recent 20 years, because of the increasing demands of environmental research methods, it can be noticed that environmentalmagnetism has developed rapidly in the study of environmental pollution. For the purpose of understanding the application of environmental magnetism on the study of modem environmental pollution, development of magnetic research with different pollution carriers on environmental pollution is reviewed, and the relative merits of pollution carriers such as soils, dusts, plants as well as sediments are discussed. Besides the mapping of contamination distribution, every magnetic study object has its field of application： the existence of soils is broad on the land, and magnetic properties of soils can be selected for the detecting of long-term heavy metal pollution history magnetism of dusts can be employed for the monitoring of short-term environmental pollution changes the application of plants magnetism can reflect the pollution distribution with high resolution and lower cost, and the steady deposition of sediments is helpful in the analysis of contamination history. However, it should be noticed that the utilization of individual pollution carrier containing magnetic materials emitted by industrial production and traffic activities has its own disadvantages, such as the insufficient deposition of grain size, the different interference of hu
出处
《地球物理学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期1947-1956,共10页
Progress in Geophysics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“植物重金属污染的磁学响应及机理研究”(编号:40972216),国家自然科学基金项目“污染土壤磁解析:人为和自然贡献区分及污染物迁移”(编号:40674033)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-338-2)资助
关键词
环境磁学
重金属污染
土壤
降尘
植物
沉积物
environmental magnetism, heavy metal pollution, soil, dust, plant, sediment
