摘要
Verworn于1978年首次将水文单位线引用到非点源污染负荷估算中,根据实测的污染物浓度、降雨和径流资料提出了定量计算非点源污染负荷的时段单位线——特征污染单位线CPG.该方法在实际应用中,特征污染单位线的推求存在困难,合轴相关图的精度也是该方法的主要制约因素.本文在分析该方法估算非点源污染不足之处的基础上,对其进行了改进,即将降雨量、施肥量、干期时间和场次降雨距离施肥后的时间4个影响非点源污染负荷产生的主要因素作为污染负荷单位线模型的输入,通过分析这4个因素对污染负荷浓度的影响,基于2003—2007年柴河水库流域72场降雨-产流-产污过程建立了相关关系,并类比于水文单位线法推求出了污染负荷浓度单位线.将获得的污染负荷浓度单位线应用于预测柴河水库流域2008—2009年污染过程,模拟得到的2008和2009年流域出口断面总磷质量浓度过程与实测过程纳什效率系数分别达到0.49和0.70.结果表明,改进后的单位线法估算非点源污染具有一定可靠性.
Verworn proposed in 1978 a new method to estimate Non-Point Source（NPS） pollution load—Characteristic Pollutograph（CPG）.It was the first method to involve Unit Hydrograph（UH） in the estimation of NPS pollution load by using concentration of pollutant and rainfall-runoff data.However,due to the low accuracy of Coaxal Coherent Chart（CCC）,the CPG is limited in practical application.In this paper,an improved CPG method was proposed to enhance accuracy of CCC.The four influencing factors of precipitation,amount of fertilization,duration between two adjacent precipitation events,days before fertilization were used to analyze their effects on pollutant concentration.The relationships among these four factors were established by analyzing measured data of 72 precipitation-runoff-pollutant processes in the Chai River Reservoir watershed from 2003 to 2007,to obtain the Unit Pollutograph（UP）.UP was adopted to simulate total phosphorus processes at outlet section in 2008 and 2009.The observed total phosphorus data were verified against data from UP method.Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients（ENS） were found to be 0.49 and 0.70 for 2008 and 2009,respectively.It showed that the improved method could be used reliably to estimate non-point source pollutant loads.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期458-462,共5页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资金资助(2009ZX07526-005)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助
关键词
非点源污染
时段单位线
污染物单位线
柴河水库
nonpoint source pollution
unit hydrograph
unit pollutograph
Chai River Reservoir
