摘要
自罗马法以降,海洋即具有"公物"属性。国家领海主权与国家海域所有权的出现,亦未改变海洋的"公物"属性。由这一属性所决定,海域用益物权的法理基础,不可能建立在国家海域所有权的"权能转移"基础之上,而只能建立在海洋资源的保护与合理利用的公共利益基础之上。由此出发,海域用益物权制度的构建,应通过严格法定主义原则,来适应明确界定公共利益范围的法治要求;在海域用益物权合同的订立中,国家不享有承诺自由,并且合同的相对性原则应受到第三人利益的限制;将海洋渔业养殖许可与海域用益物权相割裂,将前者视为一种资质许可的观点,不能成立。
In Roman law,ocean has manifested its initial character of public property,which was not altered by the concept of state sovereignty and the state ownership of the ocean.Accordingly,the state ownership of ocean is not able to provide the foundation for the ocean usufructuary right.In fact,this right bases on public interest of ocean resource protection.Consequently,the rigid principle of legality that the ocean usufructuary right system should adopt,therefore that the area of public interest may be defined definitely;while the contract of ocean usufructuary right is concluded,not only the state shall not enjoy the freedom of acceptance,but also the contract shall be restricted by the third party＇s interest;moreover,the viewpoint of differentiating the license of fishery breeding from the ocean usufructuary right,and regarding the former as a license of qualification may not be accepted.
出处
《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第6期99-109,共11页
Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law
关键词
物权法
国家所有权
用益物权
海域使用权
渔业权
aw of things
state ownership
usufructuary right
usufructuary right of ocean
fishery right
