摘要
植物对全球气候变化的响应近年来已成为植物学研究热点之一,而有性生殖阶段对环境的变化最敏感。本文较系统地综述了过去数十年气候变化主要因子温度、温室气体、紫外线B辐射和气溶胶对植物花期、授粉受精和生殖产量等有性生殖过程的影响。主要概括:(1)温度适度升高促使大部分植物花期提前,加速授粉受精过程,但同时使传粉者活动期和花期分离而影响授粉受精,其部分增加生殖产量,但温度过高则减少产量。(2)温室气体中水汽过多或过少都减少植物生殖产量;CO2浓度升高一般有利于植物授粉受精,增加生殖产量;O3浓度增加则不利于植物生殖生长。(3)增强的UV-B辐射影响植物花期,不利于授粉受精,对生殖产量影响复杂。(4)气溶胶排放量增加对植物生殖产量的影响依据气溶胶浓度、植物冠层结构和环境条件不同而异。最后分析总结了国内外相关研究中仍存在的不足之处,为更好理解和深入研究植物对气候变化的响应机制提供参考。
In recent decades,the research of plant responses to global climate change have been caused widely concern.Here,we briefly summarized the effects on plant sexual reproduction of many factors contributing to climate change,including warming,greenhouse gas concentrations,ultraviolet radiation and aerosol.（1）Moderate warming has advanced the flowering time of most plants,accelerating pollination and fertilization,causing separated stage between flowering and pollinator,and partly increasing plant reproductive biomass.However,severe warming produces only negative effects on plant reproduction.（2）Changed greenhouse gases concerned mainly include water vapour,CO2 and O3.Of these factors,water deficit and excess both decrease the plant reproductive biomass.The increase of CO2 concentration is generally beneficial to pollination,fertilization,and reproductive biomass,which is contrary to the increase of O3 concentration.（3）The enhanced UV-B radiation affects the flowering time and is harmful to pollination and fertilization.Its effects on reproductive biomass are complicated mostly negative but few positive.（4）The effects of increased aerosol concentration on plant reproduction depend on the aerosol loading amount,canopy structure,and environmental conditions.Finally,we conclude the weakness in most related studies in order to provide some new research approach for better understanding of the response mechanism of plants to climate change.
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第10期2139-2150,共12页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(30870436)
