摘要
土壤酸化严重限制了我国南方红壤区土壤的农业利用。本研究应用江西鹰潭红壤生态实验站长期猪粪养分淋失试验,分析了不同施肥处理(对照处理:N 0 kg/hm2;低量有机肥:N150 kg/hm2;高量有机肥:N 600 kg/hm2;高量有机肥+石灰处理:有机肥N 600 kg/hm2+石灰3000 kg/(hm2.3a))长期施用对红壤酸度的改良效应。研究结果表明,9年高量有机肥施用中土壤pH值平均每年上升0.085个单位,而低量有机肥施用对土壤pH没有显著影响。有机肥长期施用增加了土壤盐基离子浓度,其中Ca、Mg增加幅度较大,使得长期施肥后土壤盐基以Ca为主,其次是Mg,而K、Na比例较低。长期有机肥施用有效降低了红壤旱地表层土壤交换性酸含量,尤其是对交换性铝含量的降低程度较大,且随施肥量的增加而增大,在施肥4年后可基本消除铝毒。高量施肥基础上的石灰添加进一步提高了土壤pH值,加快了土壤酸度改良。红壤旱地猪粪施用显著提高了玉米产量,达到酸度改良效果的最低猪粪用量为Ca 162 kg/hm2。在施肥初期添加一次石灰,将土壤pH值迅速提高,然后通过有机肥对pH的稳定作用保持和逐步提高土壤pH,可在最短时间、用最少投入消除土壤酸害。
Acid soil infertility is a major factor that limits crop production in red soil regions of southern China. The effects of 9-year pig manure application on amelioration of acidity on red soil （Udic Ferralsols） was studied in field lysimeter experiment with maize monoculture under different application rates of manure, i.e. N 0, 150 and 600 kg/hm2 for CK, LM and HM treatment, respectively, and with lime addition 3 t/hm2 lime every 3 years based on N 600 kg/hm2 for HML treatment. The results showed that soil pH increased year by year with increment of 0.085 in HML while manure application did not influence pH in LM. The application of pig manure increased the contents of soil base cations, especially Ca2＋, followed by Mg2＋. With the increase of manure application rates, the exchangeable acidity of red soil, particularly exchangeable aluminum, was obviously reduced and aluminum toxicity was eliminated after 4-year manure application. Ulteriorty, lime addition increased soil pH and reduced exchangeable acidity in comparison with HM. The manure application increased significantly corn yield on red soil. The minimal amount of manure was Ca 162 kg/hm2, over which pig manure application would increase soil pH. Lime addition once in the early years under long-term manure application would eliminate acid soil infertility with the least investments in the shortest time due to the increase and stabilization of manure on soil pH.
出处
《土壤》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期727-734,共8页
Soils
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB100506)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD41B01)
中国科学院知识创新领域前沿项目(ISSASIP1109)资助
关键词
有机肥:红壤
酸度改良:盐基离子
交换性酸
Pig manure, Red soil, Amelioration of soil acidity, Soil base cations, Exchangeable acidity
