摘要
目的分析广州市近10年职业病发病规律和特征，为制定职业病防治政策提供科学依据。方法对2001—2010年全市职业病报告数据进行统计分析。结果10年间共报告新诊断职业病8大类37种380例，职业中毒、尘肺和职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病发病数位居前3位，分别占病例总数的48．9％、20．0％和18．7％。急性职业中毒病例占职业中毒病例数的25．3％，其中二氯乙烷中毒病例数居首位，占19．1％；慢性职业中毒占职业中毒病例数的74．7％，其中铅、苯和正己烷中毒引起的病例数位居前3位，分别占病例数的38．8％、37．4％和18．0％。矽肺病例占尘肺病例数的77．6％。噪声聋病例占职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病病例数的97．2％。全市13个区市均有职业病报告，番禺、天河、白云、荔湾区病例数位居前4位，分别占病例数的18．9％、13．2％、12．9％和11．1％。病例分布在19个行业，轻工和机械行业病例数位居前2位，分别占27．1％和23．7％。公有经济企业占29．5％，私有经济企业占40．3％，外商经济及港澳台经济占30．3％。男女病例性别比为15：4。平均发病年龄为（42．2±10．9）岁。职业病发病平均发展速度为134．0％，平均增长速度为34．0％。结论广州市2001至2010年职业病发病呈逐年增加趋势，呈现发病年龄轻，接触工龄短的趋势。铅、苯、正已烷和二氯乙烷等化学物引起的职业中毒、矽肺和噪声聋是广州市的主要职业病危害，职业病发生在每个地区和多个行业，非公有经济企业和小型企业应成为职业卫生工作的重点监控对象。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangzhou City, China in 2001 -2010, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods Statistical analysis was performed on the reported data on the occupational diseases in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2010. Results A total of 380 cases of occupational diseases （37 types, 8 classes） were diagnosed and reported in 2001-2010. The three most frequent diseases were occupational poisonings （48.9%）, pneumoconiosis （20.0%）, and occupational ear, nose, and throat （ENT） diseases （18.7%）. In the cases of occupational poisonings, 25.3% suffered from acute occupational poisonings, especially the poisoning by dichloroethane （19.1%）, and 74.7% suffered from chronic occupational poisonings, mainly caused by lead （38.8%）, benzene （37.4%）, and n-hexane （18.0%）. The cases of silicosis accounted for 77.6% of all cases of pneumoconiosis. The cases of noise-induced deafness accounted for 97.2% of all cases of occupational ENT diseases. Patients with occupational diseases were reported in 13 districts of Guangzhou, mostly in Panyu （ 18.9% ）, Tianhe （ 13.2% ）, Baiyun （ 12.9% ）, and Liwan （ 11.1% ）. All the cases occurred in 19 industries, mainly including light industry （27.1%） and machinery industry （23.7%）. Of all cases, 29.5% were in the public sector, 40.3% in the private sector, and 30.3% in the foreign-funded enterprises and those funded by businessmen from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. The ratio of male to female cases was 15：4. The mean age of onset was 42.2±0.9 years. The average speed of development of occupational diseases was 134.0%, and the average growth rate was 34.0%. Conclusion The incidence of occupational diseases tends to increase year by year, with younger age of onset and shorter history of exposure in patients. The occupational poisonings caused by lead, benzene, n-hexane, and dichloroethane, silicosis, and noise-induced de
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第10期759-762,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
职业病
流行病学研究
发病趋势
Occupational disease
Epidemiological study
Incidence trend
