摘要
谷子覆膜栽培具有明显的保温、保墒、增产、增收的作用,覆膜技术在不断推广和应用,但其增产机理、水温效应等问题尚不十分明确和完善。通过田间试验研究了覆膜对谷子农艺性状、产量及土壤物理性质的影响,结果表明:谷子覆膜处理植株鲜、干重分别比CK增加48.9g、19.1g,根、茎、叶、穗含水量分别比CK提高3.79%、3.00%、9.72%、1.57%;覆膜使谷子生育期提前5d左右,增产1 001kg/hm2,增产率为27.59%;覆膜处理0～10cm土层含水量比CK高1.25%～3.66%,10～20cm土层含水量比CK高0.12%～0.86%;覆膜处理地下5cm、10cm、15cm、20cm土层的地温分别比CK高2.8℃、2.7℃、2.2℃、2.1℃,随土层深度的增加覆膜处理的地温与CK之间的差距变小;覆膜处理0～20cm土层土壤团聚体含量比CK高4.43%～0.72%,其中>5mm、5～2mm两级大团聚体含量可提高5.64%～1.84%,而0.50～0.25mm小团聚体含量低于CK0.65%～1.19%,非团聚体含量在0～5cm、5～10cm、10～15cm、15～20cm土层低于CK 3.43%、4.43%、1.85%、0.73%。覆膜后良好的土体结构与水温效应加快了谷子生育进程,增加了谷子产量。
The plastic film mulching cultivation on foxtail millet has an obvious effect on incubation, water reten- tion, yield increase and income increase. The film mulching technique is being continuously promoted and applied, but its yield increasing mechanism, temperature effects and some other issues also need to be further clarified and improved. The field experiment was conducted on foxtail millet agronomic traits, yield and soil physical properties. The results showed that, with plastic film mulching, plant fresh and dry weight were increased by 48.9g and 19.1 g, respectively ; root, stem, leaf, spike moisture content were increased by 3.79 %, 3.00% ,9.72 %, 1.57 %, respective- ly. Plastic film mulehing advanced foxtail millet growth period for about 5 days with a yield increase of 1001 kg/hm2 and the yield increase rate was 27.59%. Soil moisture at plastic sheeting 0 - 10cm depth was higher than that of the CK by 1.25% -3.66%. Soil water content at 10 -20cm depth was higher than that of CK by 0.12% -0. 86%. With mulching underground at 5cm, 10cm, 15em and 20cm soil depth, the soil temperature was higher than that in CK by 2.8℃ ,2.7℃ ,2.2℃ ,2. 1℃. With the increase of soil depth,the soil temperature gap between the mulching and CK become smaller. With mulching the soil layer at 0 - 20em depth, the soil aggregates content was higher than that of the CK by 4.43% -0.72%, among which 〉 5mm, and 5 -2mm large aggregate size contents increased by 5.64% - 1.84% ; and 0.5 - 0.25mm small aggregate size contents was less than that of the CK by 0. 65% - 1.19%. Non-aggregate content was lower than that of the CK by 3.43% ,4.43%, 1.85% ,0.73% ,respectively. By using the plastic film mulching,better soil structure and more effective soil and water temperature helped to speed up the proeess of foxtail millet fertility and increase the yield.
出处
《作物杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期153-158,共6页
Crops
基金
国家谷子糜子产业技术体系项目(CARS-07-12.5-A4)
关键词
谷子
农艺性状
土壤团聚体
产量
覆膜栽培
Foxtail millet
Agronomic traits
Soil aggregates
Yield
Plastic-film-covered cultivation
