摘要
通过对奥运数据的唯象挖掘发现,奖牌数量在空间上存在明显的聚集效应,即地理空间上相近的区域都能获得奖牌,或都不能获得奖牌,抑或都获得的多,或都获得的少;奖牌数量下国家个数符合水平区段带有诸多小峰的L型分布,这种分布在自然和社会中是一大类普适性的分布,在一定时间段内,奖牌榜序下的奖牌数的分布函数具有对时间和空间变换的结构或总量的相对不变性,即奖牌数量可能在不同国家之间随机游走,但是,奖牌数量在不同国家之间的总体分布保持着基本不变的性状,历届奥运会都基本呈现相同的分布形式。同时,奖牌榜序下的奖牌数符合幂函数分布,这相近金融市场中价格波动的幂率法则。奖牌数量的不均匀程度近似为89%左右;每天奥运奖牌数据的更新路径为Z型,即存在间歇性的阶梯上升;气候越热的区域,获得奖牌数越少,温带区域获得的奖牌数量最多;总GDP与奖牌数量的正相关仅在某区段上成立;人均GDP对奖牌数的贡献是一区域的整体性质,但在局部区段上不存在明显的规律性,如果根据人均GDP对所有区域划分为二,则人均GDP高的区域获得奖牌数量多;越"民主国家"和越"集权国家"获得奖牌数较多,其他较少,并且,最民主区域比最集权区域获得的奖牌多,即左提的正U型。
The Olympic data like the number of gold medals in the space rest upon the cluster effect, that is approximately the same number of gold medals obtained by the similar area on the geospatialmeet the level of section with many countries. The number of gold medals em bodied peak Ltype distribution, the distribution in nature and society is a large class of univer sal distribution; gold medal in the medals table sequence number coincided with the power func tion distribution, which is similar to the power law distribution of price fluctuations in financial markets;the number of gold medals uneven degree of approximation is about 89 %, more than 50% of social vigilance of Gini coefficient ;a daily update of the data path of Olympic gold medal is the Zcurve, there are intermittent ladder rise the hotter climate of the region, gained the smaller number of medals, on the contrary the opposite ; the number of gold medals posi tively related to total GDP, set up only in a section;GDP per capita contribution to the number of gold medals is the nature of the region as a whole, but it does not exist in the local section of the apparent regularity all zoning, according to per capita GDP between the two, the high per capita GDP of the region won the gold medal count ; more democracies and more authoritar ian countries won the gold medal more, others less, and most democratic region than in the most autocratic region won more gold medals, that is left Ushaped.
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第10期3-11,共9页
China Sport Science
关键词
聚集效应
幂函数分布
L型分布
气候
民主
基尼系数
Key words cluster effect power function distribution L-type distribution climate democra-cy Gini coefficient
