摘要
为了解上海地区水鸟的栖息状况和种群动态变化,2006—2010年在全市选取9个主要区域开展了全市水鸟同步调查。5年来共记录到水鸟9目17科133种796738只次,其中鸻形目53种,雁形目28种,鹳形目17种,鸥形目16种。按居留类型来分,留鸟、夏候鸟、冬候鸟和旅鸟种类分别占总种类的3.0%、9.0%、43.6%和44.4%。以雁鸭类为主体的冬候鸟迁徙时间一般为9月—次年4月;以鸻鹬类为主体的旅鸟一般为3—5月完成北迁,南迁时间为8—10月。上海市全年水鸟数量较多的区域依次是崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区、南汇东滩和九段沙湿地自然保护区,淀山湖、崇明北湖、宝钢水库和三甲港数量最少。对各调查区域内水鸟的聚类分析和主要类群的生境偏好分析说明,雁鸭类倾向于浅滩生境和开阔水面生境,鸻鹬类倾向于沿海面积较大的浅滩光滩,而滩涂的围垦和人为干扰都会产生负面影响。在此基础上提出了水鸟栖息地管理的一些建议。
From 2006 to 2010, an investigation was conducted synchronously at nine important sites of Shanghai to understand the inhabited status and population dynamics of waterbird. In the study period, a total of 796738 waterbird individuals belonging to 133 species of 18 families and 9 orders were recorded, among which, there were 53 species of Charadriiformes, 28 species of Anseriformes, 17 species of Ciconiiformes, and 16 species of Lariformes. According to resident type, the residents, summer breeders, winter migrants, and traveling birds occupied 3.0%, 9.0%, 43.6%, and 44.4% of the total species number, respectively. The migration period of winter migrants with Anatidae as the priority was from September to next April, and the traveling birds with Charadriiformes as the priority were generally migrated northward from March to May （spring） and southward from August to October （autumn）. The habitats with more quantities of waterbird were in the order of Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, Nanhui Dongtan, and Jiuduansha Nature Reserve. Clustering and habitat preference analyses showed that goose and duck （Anatidae） preferred to the mudflats with shallow water and the open and large water areas, while shorebirds （Charadriiformes） preferred to the larger areas coastal mudflats. Mudflat reclamation and human disturbance were the important factors negatively affecting the waterbird community, and accordingly, some recommendations for waterbird habitat management were put forward.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第10期2599-2605,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
上海市绿化和市容管理局(上海市林业局)科技支撑项目(G061522)资助
关键词
水鸟
群落结构
动态分布
栖息地管理
waterbird
community structure
dynamic distribution
habitat management.
