摘要
目的为了进一步提高国际层面巨灾救援的成效，探讨两种医疗模式的特点与适用范围。方法对中国国际救援队组队10年以来，12批次参加国际救援时的组队模式、工作时间、工作成效等数据进行回顾性分析。结果自2003年阿尔及利亚地震救援以来，出队12批次国际巨灾救援，分为两种行动模式：一种是融合搜索、营救与医疗于一体的现场救援模式，队伍中搜索、营救及医疗三类人员共同构成行动的主体，瞄准地震现场压埋人员实施搜索、营救与医疗于一体的救援行动。另一种是不包含搜索与营救行动的单纯型医疗救援模式，队伍中医疗人员为主体，没有搜索与营救人员，医疗人员从事现场急救及医疗后送，辅以少量灾区卫生防疫与创伤心理救援。两种模式救援目标不同，人员结构与队伍功能不同，成效不同。搜救型模式中医务人员构成比为15．4％，单纯型医疗救援模式中医疗人员构成比61．4％。搜救型模式救援队伍在地震灾后1～3d内到达，灾后7～10d行动结束。6次搜救型救援行动共从废墟下成功解救出压埋人员4人；在完成搜救任务之余，队伍中医疗人员平均每次为当地医疗救治伤病员662人。单纯型医疗救援队平均在灾后10d以上到达，在灾区平均工作时间17．8d，通过巡诊或移动医院为灾区提供医疗服务，平均每次出队救治伤病员6812人。结论（1）搜救型救援模式与单纯型医疗救援模式是灾害现场救援的两种不同组队模式，具有不同的适用性。联合国倡导的城市搜救队融合搜索、营救与医疗于一体，现场医疗急救能力与搜救能力紧密结合，适合地震灾害现场救援需要，值得发展中国家组建灾害救援队伍时借鉴。（2）根据任务需要分别派出搜救型救援队或单纯型医疗救援队，源于灾区需要与对形势的判断。（3）现场搜救队能力可超�
Objective To study how to enhance the effectiveness of international disaster relief in order to explore the features and applications of two different patterns of medical rescue. Methods A retrospective analysis of the experiences of the China International Relief Team, including the constitution of the team, working hours on the disaster area, and the numbers of patients rescued per doctor per day, during the 12 occasions of international mission over the past 10 years since the team founded. Results Since the first time for international rescue operation acted in Algeria in 2003, the China International Search and Rescue （CISAR） team has taken part in 12 humanitarian relief operations which can be categorized into two patterns of medical rescue： the first pattern is integrated by search, rescue and initial medical service on site, the second one is exclusively for medical relief （ the first pattern consisting of 15.4% medical staff and 61.4% medical staff in the second pattern）. According to the former pattern, CISAR team should arrive at the stricken area of earthquake less than 3 days and withdraw after 7 - 10 days of work with about 10. 8average working days. Four survivors trapped in collapsed buildings were rescued during the six international rescue operations, and 662 sick and casualties on average were treated each time. The latter pattern often carried out by CISAR team after the work of the former pattern （ over 10 days after the disaster） had been clone with average working time of 17.8 days. There were 6812 patients on average treated in each time. Comparison between the two patterns showed that the latter one needed more medical staff and longer working days. The data of these two patterns varies significantly. Conclusions The search and rescue pattern is different from the pattern of exclusively medical rescue, and the urban search and rescue team is integrated the search and rescue with medical service, which was proposed by the United States, because of its versatility in the stri
出处
《中华急诊医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第9期966-969,共4页
Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine
基金
基金项目：地震行业科研专项经费项目（201008008）
关键词
灾害
国际救援
医疗模式
Disaster
International relief
Medical model
