摘要
目的了解北京市城区成年居民传染病相关知识、行为和技能方面的现况及传染病相关知识的获取途径,为政府制定科学的传染病防控策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段系统抽样法从东城、西城和海淀3个区抽取5250名18～59周岁居民进行问卷调查。结果 "乙肝传播途径"、"发热判断标准"、"被狗咬伤后处理方法"、"艾滋病传播途径"等知识的知晓率低于45.7%,"注射流感疫苗"、"到发热门诊戴口罩"、"咳嗽/打喷嚏时遮挡"等行为的形成率低于34.6%,"能看懂简单的化验单"、"能获取想要的传染病知识"、"能看懂药品说明书"等技能的掌握率低于77.7%。成年居民大部分知识知晓率、大部分行为形成率和技能掌握率随文化程度的增高而增高(P<0.05)。传染病相关知识获取途径,通过电视4231人(81.6%)、报纸或杂志3500人(67.5%)、网络2725人(52.6%)、社区宣传2265人(43.7%)、向医务人员咨询1537人(29.7%)、听周围人谈论1318人(25.4%)、传单或折页1264人(24.4%)。成年居民从以上7种途径获取传染病相关知识的能力随着文化程度的增高而增高(P<0.05)。结论北京城区成年居民传染病相关知识知晓率、行为形成率和技能掌握率有待提高,应加强成年居民传染病相关的宣传教育,并考虑文化程度较低者的接受能力。
Objective To understand the status of knowledge, behaviors, skills and the sources of information about infectious diseases among the urban young adults in Beijing, and develop effective strategies for controlling infectious diseases. Methods 5250 residents aged 18 to 59 were recruited by using muhi-stage systematic sampling. The information on knowledge, behaviors and skills about infectious diseases among the young adults was collected by questionnaire. Re- suits The awareness rates of knowledge were under 45.7%, such as ＂transmission mode of hepatitis B＂, ＂definition of fever＂, ＂treatment with wound after bit by dog＂ and ＂transmission mode of AIDS＂ . The prevalence of behaviors on ＂tak- ing flu vaccination＂, ＂wearing face mask at fever clinics＂, and ＂covering nose when sneeze or cough＂ were less than 34. 6%. Rates of skills relating to ＂understanding simple laboratory test＂, ＂getting the desired knowledge about infectious diseases＂ and ＂understanding drugs instructions＂ were less than 77. 7%. We also found that awareness rates of knowl- edge, behaviors and skills were positively associated with education level （P 〈 0. 05）. The ways to get information related to infectious diseases were TV （ 4231 person, 81.6% ）, newspaper or magazine （ 3500 person, 67. 5% ）, intemet （2725 person, 52. 6% ）, community campaign （2265 person, 43.7% ）, consulting with medical workers （1537 person, 29. 7% ）, talking with around people （ 1318 person, 25.4% ）, leaflets or folds （ 1264 person, 24. 4% ）. Ability to get- ring health information of young adults was positively associated with education level （ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The find- ings suggested that urban young adults were lack of knowledge, health behaviors and necessary skills related to infectious diseases. Health education should be taken to improve their knowledge, behaviors, skills, and ability to get information. People with low education levels should be considered.
出处
《中国健康教育》
2012年第8期611-615,共5页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
基金
国家863计划(2008AA02Z416)
关键词
传染病
知识、行为、技能
成年居民
城区
获取途径
Infectious diseases
Knowledge, behavior and skills
Adult residents
Urban
Sources of informa- tion
