摘要
森林和湿地是CO2、CH4和N2O等温室气体重要的源、汇和转换器,在全球气候变化过程中起着重要作用。森林和湿地温室气体通量受到诸多因子的作用,其中干扰便是一个重要的因素。不同干扰因素对于森林和湿地生态系统温室气体通量的影响,国际上已经开展了相应的研究。基于人为和自然两大类干扰方式,分别从采伐、施肥、垦殖等人为干扰因素和火烧、台风(飓风)等自然干扰因素综述了干扰对于森林和湿地生态系统CO2、CH4和N2O通量的影响。根据目前研究中存在的不足,提出了今后应需加强的领域,以期更好地揭示干扰对于森林和湿地生态系统温室气体通量的影响及作用机制,为今后深入开展相关研究提供一定的参考价值。
Forest and wetland ecosystems are significant carbon and nitrogen sinks at the global scale,and play an important role sequestering greenhouse gases and regulating climate.The three greenhouse gases fluxes from forest and wetland ecosystems are influenced by many factors,including disturbance.Here,we review the effects of disturbance on greenhouse gases fluxes from forest and wetlands.We separate the effects due to disturbance into two types： disturbance brought about by human activity and through natural means.The former includes forest-harvesting,fertilization,reclamation and tillage,and the latter includes fire,typhoon and hurricane.We discuss the impacts of these different disturbances on the fluxes of CO2,CH4 and N2O from both forest and wetland ecosystems.In many cases the conclusions from the literature were not consistent.Harvesting increased forest soil respiration in most studies;however,there was also one report showing that soil respiration dropped markedly because of a reduction in carbon input after forest removal.The response of three greenhouse gases to harvesting was also not consistent.Reclamation,a major disturbance in wetlands,tended to produce large impacts on the carbon and nitrogen dynamics.Some studies demonstrated an increased CO2 emission when marshlands were transformed to farmland,whereas another reports concluded that marsh reclamation caused the drop in CO2 emission.CH4 flux often decreased,and N2O flux generally increased when the marshes were reclaimed.The effects of fertilizer nitrogen input on greenhouse gases production and emission from marshes soil were complex with differences induced by different nitrogen fertilizers（NH4NO3,（NH4）2SO4,KNO3 and urea）.The intensity of fire appeared to have an important influence on CH4 flux;a low-intensity fire increases CH4 flux,whereas a high-intensity fire will decrease CH4 flux.The CO2 flux-responses were also complex;some studies showed that fire inhibited CO2 flux,but others showed promotion effects.Tropical storms（typhoons an
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第16期5254-5263,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41071148)
福建省科技厅重点项目(2010Y0019)
福建省重点学科建设项目资助
关键词
人为干扰
自然干扰
森林
湿地
CO2
CH4
N2O
human disturbance
natural disturbance
forest
wetland
carbon dioxide
methane
nitrous oxide
