摘要
为了明确土地利用方式的变化与生态系统服务供给之间的关系,该文以黑河流域上游为研究区,基于SWAT(soil and water assessmenttool)模型和最小数据法分析了补偿价格变化对禁牧比例以及提供的水源涵养服务的影响。研究表明:1)放牧与禁牧情景下水源涵养服务产出率平均为25.27m3/hm2;2)SWAT模型能够较精确地模拟流域的水文过程,模型率定期和验证期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别达到0.81和0.88,R2分别为0.94和0.93,年平均径流量的相对误差分别为16.3%和15.6%。3)不同子流域内禁牧的机会成本存在差异,禁牧的平均机会成本为289.99元/hm2;4)不同补偿价格下新增草地禁牧比例及其提供的水源涵养服务的供给量不同。当所有子流域内的低质量草地全部禁牧后,1990-2000年间可提供水源涵养服务的总量为7.79×108m3,新增水源涵养服务量达到7.66×108m3。该文为生态补偿对象的空间选择与补偿标准的确定提供科学依据。
Relationship between land use change and supply of ecological services is a key for payments of environmental services. Based on payments for environmental services in upper stream of Heihe River Basin, the effect of payments prices change on the ratio of grazing prohibition and its provision of water conservation services was analyzed. The results showed as following： 1） the average expected rate of water conservation services between grazing and grazing prohibition was 25.27 ma/hm^2; 2） the constructed SWAT model was shown well to simulate hydrology processes in upper stream of Heihe River basin and relative error of average annual discharges reached 16.3% and 15.6%, Ens reached 0.81 and 0.88 and R^2 reached 0.94 and 0.93 in the model calibration and verification period respectively; 3） difference of opportunity cost in grazing ：prohibition existed in each sub-basin, and the average opportunity cost in grazing prohibition was 289.99 Yuan/hm^2 ; 4） the additional ratio of grazing prohibition and the supply of water conservation services were difference when the payments were different. When all low-quality grassland shifted from grazing to grazing prohibition the total supply of water conservation services amounted to 7.79×1068 m^3 and the additional services could reach 7.66×10^8 m during 1990 and 2000. This paper provides a scientific foundation for determination of compensation standard and space choice of ecological compensation object.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第10期124-130,I0004,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目"黑河流域生态补偿研究"(40971291)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目群"地表过程集成系统研究"(KZCX2-YWQ10-4-03)
关键词
生态
补偿
水源
SWAT模型
最小数据法
ecology, compensation, water resources, SWAT model, Minimum-data approach
