摘要
为进一步探讨十文钱问题推理错觉的原因,本研究设计了十文钱的异质同构问题,采用十文钱原版问题和新设计的异质同构问题进行了一系列的实证研究,得到如下研究发现:(1)被试在十文钱异质同构问题中表现出了与十文钱问题同样高的错误率。(2)题目表面特征的弱化能显著提高被试的推理成绩。(3)批判性思维意识与批判性思维技巧的线索提示能显著提高被试的推理成绩。
The ten-penny problem, an old Chinese reasoning illusion problem, was investigated by Li and Zhang for the first time （ 2008）, which indicated that only 30% of the subjects succeeded in solving the problem, and resulted in a high error rate in the singleentry bookkeeping representation. However, the fact that most of the resolved-subjects also adopted the single-entry bookkeeping representation strategy was ignored in their studies. Therefore, it may not be appropriate to attribute the high error rate to the single-entry bookkeeping representation strategy. Based on the above analysis, three studies were conducted, and the chi-square test was used for most of the data analysis. In the first study, 198 undergraduate students were asked to solve the ten-penny problem and its heterogeneous issue. They were also required to write down on a booklet their explanations for their solutions. In the second experiment, we changed the presentation of the original problem and the modified problem by weakening the statements for studying whether this change improved their reasoning performance. In the third study, we provided two different cues. One was an external perceptual cue that was embodied by underlining some key state- ments, and the other internal cue required the subjects to apply critical thinking skills to read and resolve the original problem and the modified problem in the instruction. The results of three experiments indicated that （ 1 ） the subjects showed a error rate as high as on the heterogeneous issue of the ten-penny problem; （2） weakening the version of the ten-penny problem significantly improved the correct rate of reasoning; （ 3 ） presenting critical thinking clues also significantly improved the subjects＇ performance on the ten-penny problem. The results supported the hypotheses that the ten-penny problem was a reasoning illusion problem. The difficulty in solving this problem may be due to ① the surface character of the statement of the original problem and ②the lack of crit
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第3期588-594,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(10YJA630220)的大力资助
关键词
推理错觉
十文钱问题
批判性思维
线索提示
reasoning illusion, ten-penny problem, critical thinking, Cluepresentation
