摘要
纳米尺度下的光电器件的研制与米、毫米、微米尺度下电子器件或光学器件的研制在基本原理与制造技术上有本质的不同。必须采用量子电动力学和介观物理作为基本原理。在量子电动力学中,光子与电子可以相互转化,光子也可以储存在"空腔"中。光-电转换或光-电-光的转换甚至可以在远小于一个光波的尺度内实现(如100nm以下)。基于大量最新现象发现的启示与推动,产生了一种全新的光子技术:纳米光子技术。在这种全新的纳光子技术中,人们将光子电子的输运与转化联合起来进行考虑,非线性光学获得了长足的发展。微电子技术和概念被大量地推广应用于纳光子技术开发。创新型元件如集成激光器、30dB光放大器、效率为30%的1.55μm滤波器等层出不穷地涌现。纳米技术的研发为信息储存、输运和处理开辟了新的天地。进入21世纪,纳米光子技术研究日新月异。在摩尔经验规律的指导下,不断发展的微电子工业的制造精度已进入100nm领域。大规模应用纳米电子、纳米光子技术的时代已经来临。一些新型的光通讯线路已开始应用纳米光子器件。对公众而言,用于照明的LED只是一个应用实例。报告将结合法国国家纳米研究平台的研发成果来阐述纳米光子学的原理和纳米光子器件发展的趋势。
General physics and condensed matter physics（including semiconductor physics） have been the basic background for microelectronic devices and optical devices. Entering the 21st century, with rapid development of nanofabrication, re- search and development in optoelectronic devices presented a new challenge. We must apply the concept of quantum electro- dynamics and mesoscopic physics in this new endeavor. In QED, the energy of photon is a quanta, photons and electrons can be converted. In mesoscopic physics photon can also be localized and the photonic crystal fabricated can have his own photon- ic band structure. However, for a long time in the past, applied scientists and engineers are always used to separate electron and photon in device fabrication. And they used to take photon as a particle or a wave packet with extremely high speed. Later than 1960, the development of laser devices and photovoltaic devices require the principle of inter-band excitation and photoelectric conversion in macroscopic sample. Start from 1990＇s, with the rapid development of nanofabrication technolo- gy, numbers of nano device with resolution of 10~100 nanometer have been produced. The dimension of elementary units of these devices are less than one light wave length or even less than mean free path of electron, scientists have access to a se- ries of unexpected findings. It is possible to realize photoelectric conversion or photon-electron-photon conversion in less than 100 nanometers. Based on a large number of the latest discovery of new phenomenon, a new device technology= Nano-device technology is promoted. LPN is a France national nano-research platform, In this report I will be combined with our plat- form research and development results to explain the principles of nano-device and the trend of nano-devices.
出处
《光学与光电技术》
2012年第3期1-7,共7页
Optics & Optoelectronic Technology
关键词
纳米光子学
纳米光电子器件
纳米光电子技术
电动力学
量子电动力学
nanophotonic
nanometer photoelectronic device
nanometer photovelectronic technique
electrodynamics
quan- tum electrodynamics
