摘要
本文以当代农村的调解实践为切入点,探讨在不同的纠纷类型和不同的情境中,纠纷的公平解决是如何达成的,以及背后遵循着怎样的公平原则。本文发现:维持人际关系延续的调解目标,调解人的角色定位、道德背景及其权威性,调解过程中包括上门调解等多种调解技巧和策略的运用,以及符合农村社会人们所普遍认可的公平提案等,是影响纠纷调解协议即公平达成的重要因素;而社会关系维系、公平的关系性以及综合性等,是中国农民公平观的重要特征。
In rural China,mediation plays an essential role in resolving disputes among villagers.Based on the materials from our fieldwork,this paper looks into the practice of mediation in current rural villages,discusses how agreement and justice are realized in different types of disputes and in different situations,and tries to discover the principle of justice underlying these practices.The authors have found that,rural China is a society of acquaintances.In such a society,keeping the continuity of interpersonal relationships to achieve harmony is the legitimate basis for mediation.The mediator＇s role status,moral background,and authority are the sources of legality for the mediator,and also serve as the presupposition of justice realization.During the process of mediation,mediators may use various techniques and strategies.An important one is called ＂Shang Men TiaoJie＂（mediation on the spot）,which could guarantee a mandatory intervention to a dispute,put the involved parties back into their original social relation,and also,create an informal atmosphere by transforming the situation and reconstructing the relationship,thus achieving a good chance to resolve the dispute.Another important mediation strategy is ＂Yi ShuoZhi He＂（agreement via talking）.As for the ＂talking,＂ the integration of ＂emotion,reason and law＂ is the key and the principle of ＂Ruan Ying Jian Shi＂（both the carrot and the stick） should be employed.In additionto the community common sense and regulations,laws,regulations,and policies are being used more frequently as means to resolve disputes,and under certain circumstances when common-sense reasoning fails,they become the indispensable power of authoritarian control.＂QuanHengLiHai＂（weighing pros and cons） is a skill of ＂talking.＂ By explaining all possible consequences to the persons involved,the mediator may persuade all parties in the dispute to make compromises to reach an agreement.These analyses lead to the conclusion that,in addition to employing vari
出处
《社会》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第2期171-198,共28页
Chinese Journal of Sociology
关键词
纠纷
调解
人民调解
公平原则
dispute
mediation
people＇s mediation
principle of justice
