摘要
目的调查分析喀什地区伤寒疫情的流行原因和特征,为采取控制措施提供依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法,对喀什地区2005—2010年伤寒疫情进行分析,描述伤寒6年发病率的变化趋势。结果 2005—2010年喀什地区共通过网络直报报告伤寒病例3 267例,年平均发病率约为14.33/10万。存在明显的季节集中趋势,发病高峰为8—10月份,其他月份均有不同程度的散发病例。6年期间伤寒发病率总体呈现下降趋势,但是在较高发病率上波动。伤寒病例监测阳性率为14.47%,重点人群和外环境监测阳性率极低;菌株分型以伤寒为主。结论饮用不安全饮水是发生伤寒暴发流行的重要原因,卫生条件差,不良的生活习惯,人群免疫力低,传染源得不到及时有效的隔离治疗,日常接触传播等是该区伤寒流行的主要因素。
[ Objective] To investigate the epidemic causes and characteristics of typhoid fever, and provide evidence for developing control measures. [ Methods ] The epidemic data of typhoid fever was analyzed by using descriptive epidemiology in Kashi Prefecture from 2005-2010. The incidence trend described. [ Results] A total of 3 267 cases of typhoid fever was reported through direct net- work report, with average annual incidence rate of 14.33/100 000. The epidemic of typhoid fever showed obviously seasonal char- acteristics, with peak incidence in August- October. But sporadic cases appeared in other months. Then the total situation showed a decreasing trend in the 6 years, but the incidence fluctuated at a high level. The positive rate of typhoid was 14.47% from moni- toring and was extremely low in focus groups and outside environment and the typhoid bacterium was the main strain type. [ Conclusion] The important and main reasons for the typhoid fever outbreak are the polluted water resources, poor sanitation, bad living habits, low immunity, ineffective segregation and daily contact transmission.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2012年第4期410-412,共3页
Occupation and Health
关键词
伤寒
流行病学分析
监测
Typhoid fever
Epidemiological analysis
Monitoring
