摘要
针对北京市农村地区居民居住相对分散、生活污水集中处理难度大的状况,在北京市杨镇一中,建立了经济且简便易行的用于处理污水的人工湿地。该人工湿地由地埋式一体化预处理、多级复合式人工湿地系统、景观湿地系统三部分组成。通过单元实验,对人工湿地的填料结构、植物选择、布水设计、水位调节、湿地防堵系统设计、预处理系统设计进行了创新,研究了1d、2d和3d水力停留时间对污水中有机物处理效应的影响,并开展了人工湿地基质堵塞实验、冬季保温措施研究以及人工湿地脱氮除磷效果研究。结果表明,比较而言,1d和3d的水力停留时间不利于有机物的去除,2d的水力停留时间有利于有机物的去除;人工湿地0～10m的水平距离内,0～5cm、30～35cm、60～65cm深度的基质的堵塞差异显著(n=10,p<0.05),从水平上看,在0m、2m、4m处基质的堵塞最为明显,因此,在更换人工湿地基质时,只需更换0～4m内的基质;棚膜+蒲席覆盖系统去除污水中总氮的效果要优于结冰盖系统,更适宜于北方使用;预处理系统、人工湿地系统、景观湿地系统三部分共同处理污水,优势互补,能使处理后的出水符合北京市水污染排放标准一级B限值。
With the economic development of rural areas of China, rural water pollution becomes increasingly serious so that finding the suitable waste water treatment technology is imperative. Constructed wetland, as a kind of waste water treatment technologies with high efficiency and low cost, is widely used to treat different types of waste water. Because of the fact that Beijing residents in rural areas are relatively scattered and cen- tralizing waste water is difficult, economical and easily constructed wetland project was carried out in Yang zhen No. 1 Middle School of Beijing. The aim of this research is to make foundation for the application of con- structed wetland in northern area of China. The project is consisted of buried integrative pretreatment system, multi-level complex constructed wetland system and wetland landscape system. Its effective area is 400 m2. It can be divided into two east-west parallel connected systems with the 1 ： 1 ratio of the length to the width. Each system is composed of many various subsurface flow wetlands in different orders, such as the vertical downward flow wetland and vertical upward flow wetland, and horizontal flow wetland. The paper presents detailed analysis of the constructed wetland location, mechanism design, water sample collection, test analy- sis, feature and the essentials. Through unit test, some innovations are made in packing structure, plant selec- tion, water distribution design, water level regulation, designing system of preventing wetland from blocking and the design of pretreatment system. The effect of hydraulic retention time （1 day, 2 days and 3 days） on waste removal is analyzed. The constructed wetlands substrate clogging experiment, winter insulation mea- surement research, and studies on the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wetlands are carried out. The processing effect of the constructed wetland and the hydraulic retention time is closely related. Two days of the hydraulic retention time is suitable to the removal of chemical oxyg
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第1期102-108,共7页
Wetland Science
基金
北京市重大科技项目"新农村污水综合治理示范工程"(D07040600770000)资助
关键词
农村生活污水
地埋式预处理系统
人工湿地
景观湿地
污水处理效应
rural domestic sewage
buried integration pretreatment system
constructed wetlands
landscapewetland
treatment effect on waste water
