摘要
基于行动者与旁观者双重理论视角,对马克思主义哲学处理决定论与能动论关系的问题,可探寻一种更为合理的处理方式。基于这一双重视角,理论与实践的关系可被理解为旁观者与行动者的关系,即决定论是旁观者的理论世界中的存在状态,而能动论则是行动者的实践世界中的存在状态。由于决定论与能动论分别存在于旁观者的理论世界与行动者的实践世界这两个不同的世界之中,因而关于世界的决定论描述与能动论描述能够并存而不自相矛盾。由此,可勾画出一种总括性的"本体论承诺":基于旁观者立场对于有限的确定性的承诺,我们不能设想世界的绝对偶然论;而由行动者立场对于不确定性的承诺,我们亦不能设想世界的绝对的决定论。由于这两个方面的承诺都是有限的、非绝对的,因而两个方面就能够共存在一起而构成一种关于宇宙的"开放性"设定。基于这样一种本体论,改变世界就是可能的。
The first part of this article analysis several typical ways of treatment of the relation between determinism and activism in the development process of Marxism since the Second International. Based on this, the second part tries to seek a proper way from the twofold perspective of actor and bystander. From the twofold perspective, the relation between theory and practice can be conceived as the one between actor and bystander, namely determinism is the being-state in the theoretical world of bystander, while the activism is the being-state in the practical world of the actor. Because the determinism and activism are locate separately in two different worlds, namely the theoretical world of bystander and the practical world of the actor, the determinist description and the activist description are not contradictious. Thus we can outline an ensemble ＂ontological promise＂： based on the promise of limited determinacy from the position of bystander, we can not conceive an absolute fortuitism of the world; based on the promise of uncertainty from the position of actor, we can not conceive an absolute determinism of the world too. Because the two promises are limited and not absolute, the two can coexist and construct an ＂open＂ assumption about the world. Based on such ontology, changing the world is possible.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第2期40-54,共15页
Academic Monthly
