摘要
火是森林生态系统中的一个重要因素。本文通过对澳大利亚白令湖早全新世沉积物的炭屑和孢粉分析,用时间序列分析和数学模拟的方法推算森林火的活动频率,提出森林火与植被各主要成分间的相互关系及森林火在森林演替中所起的作用。研究结果表明,该区早全新世森林火的发生频率由桉树林早期的高于每50年一次,减少到晚期的约230年一次。在雨林代替桉树林之后,火的活动变得极为微弱。火对桉树林中三个主要成分的影响由它们各自对火的适应性的不同而不同。在桉树林向雨林过渡的过程中,森林火起了保护桉树林和延迟雨林建立的作用。
Fire is one of major factors in forest ecosystem.This paper presents results of char- coal and pollen analysis on Early Holocene sediments in Lake Barrine,Australia.Time se- ries analysis and mathematical modeling were used to infer patterns of forest fire,relationship between fire and major vegetation elements and the roles forest fire played in forest changes. The analysis shows that in Early Holocene fire frequencies in this area decreased from one major fire in less than 50 years in the early Eucalyptus forest stage (zone S1) to one in 230 years in the later stage (zone S2).After the establishment of rainforest,fire activities were much weaker.The effects of fire on three major elements.of Eucalyptus forest varied according to their different fire adaptive traits.In process of the change from Eucalyptus: forest to rainforest,fire protected the former and delayed the establishment of the later.
关键词
森林生态
森林火
炭屑
孢粉分析
Forest ecology
Fire
Charcoal
Pollen analysis
