摘要
本文对黑龙江省帽儿山地区海拔300—350m的24年生,四种结构类型的兴安落叶松(Larix gmelini)人工林的群落学特性、生物量和生产量进行了测定和研究。按平均标准木法和样方收获法分别调查了乔木层、幼树下木层,草本地被物层及枯枝落叶层的生物量。结果表明:人工落叶松林乔木层不同组合的分布格局,形成了不同的群落结构特征及生物生产力。四种结构群落总平均生物量为159.445t/ha,净生产量为12.237t/ha·a;其中乔木层平均生物量为149.560t/ha,净生产量为9.627t/ha·a。乔木层盖度制约着群落的空间结构,使群落叶量及叶面积指数等叶的数量指标产生差异从而影响群落的生物生产力及光能利用率。在一定范围内,乔木层郁闭度由0.9减少至0.7,其叶面积指数由3.07增加到6.66,整个群落总的累积叶面积指数由3.315增加到9.220群落平均净生产量增加了105.28%,乔木层的平均净生产量增加了39.89%。
A preliminary research on the sociological characteristcs, pIant biomass and productivity of artificial forests of Dahurian larches at an elevation of 300—350m in the Maoershan area of Heilongjiang Provance is presented here. By using 'average standard tree' and 'divided storeys' methods, the biomass and production of the trees, undergrowth, living plant covers and dead branches and fallen leaves were observed.The different arrangement patterns of Dahurian larches could produce different sociological characteristcs and biological production. The estimated total mean biomass of L. gmelini plantation communities was 159.445 t/ha, the net production was 12.237t/ha·a. The total mean biomass and net production of tree layers was 149.560t/ha and 9.627t/ha·a. respectively.The biological production of the larch stands depended on the coverage of tree layer, leaf area index(LAI), leaf biomass and efficiency of leaf. Within a certain limit, the coverage of the tree stories decreased from 90% to 70% and at the same time, the LAI of the stand increased from 3.07 to 6.66. The net production of the stand and the tree layer would increase by 105.28% and 39.89% respectively.
